It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities #441340987532 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities #441340987532 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T23:04:49Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jeffrey Reed" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities #441340987532 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jeffrey Reed",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T23:04:49Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/441340987532"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "441340987532",
  52.            "abstract": "Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities #441340987532 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jeffrey Reed",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T23:04:49Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities" title="Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jeffrey Reed</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jeffrey Reed for contributing the article "Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities" title="Embedding Ethical Design in Mobile Game Monetization Mechanisms: Challenges and Opportunities" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  100. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  101. <p>The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  103. <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://363716991665-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://308859778616-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://713079105487-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://176243873768-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://636407079476-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://497935753388-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://766042906556-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://263201840544-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://119558325939-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://120775402722-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://917972494449-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://272766788766-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://307580872669-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://818253280567-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://135011741409-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://486743635551-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://889936650151-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://326576424199-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://562118206290-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://855871013661-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?213722688990&amp;url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?720340335923&amp;url=https://naver720340335923-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?025481512985&amp;url=https://naver025481512985-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?253143115250&amp;url=https://naver253143115250-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?293885298737&amp;url=https://naver293885298737-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898197613027&amp;url=https://naver898197613027-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?449075094483&amp;url=https://naver449075094483-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?002886566475&amp;url=https://naver002886566475-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?247559394291&amp;url=https://naver247559394291-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?891239640828&amp;url=https://naver891239640828-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?585123747402&amp;url=https://naver585123747402-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?431861041175&amp;url=https://naver431861041175-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?139121079592&amp;url=https://naver139121079592-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-877617851047.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-151378881703.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-811861158910.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-795800525653.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-531712103290.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-405206276856.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-909575839000.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-210649680110.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-747433124071.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-565565587551.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-510522606449.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-752160326872.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-321086248200.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-461105171397.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-429006349558.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-272002158269.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-877916668669-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-304269186387-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-592429307009-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6154398027" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/2150648937">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Adversarial Neural Networks in Enhancing Game Bot Detection for Competitive Mobile Games" title="Adversarial Neural Networks in Enhancing Game Bot Detection for Competitive Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2150648937.mit-edu.top/post/2150648937/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/2150648937">Adversarial Neural Networks in Enhancing Game Bot Detection for Competitive Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/2150648937" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Adversarial Neural Networks in Enhancing Game Bot Detection for Competitive Mobile Games" title="Adversarial Neural Networks in Enhancing Game Bot Detection for Competitive Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Kimberly Gonzalez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6497135208">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Dynamic Staking Models for Reward Systems in Decentralized Games" title="Dynamic Staking Models for Reward Systems in Decentralized Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6497135208.mit-edu.top/post/6497135208/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6497135208">Dynamic Staking Models for Reward Systems in Decentralized Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the potential of neurofeedback and biofeedback techniques in mobile games to enhance player performance and overall gaming experience. The research examines how mobile games can integrate real-time brainwave monitoring, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response to provide players with personalized feedback and guidance to improve focus, relaxation, or emotional regulation. Drawing on neuropsychology and biofeedback research, the study explores the cognitive and emotional benefits of biofeedback-based game mechanics, particularly in improving players' attention, stress management, and learning outcomes. The paper also discusses the ethical concerns related to the use of biofeedback data and the potential risks of manipulating player physiology.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/6497135208" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Dynamic Staking Models for Reward Systems in Decentralized Games" title="Dynamic Staking Models for Reward Systems in Decentralized Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Cynthia Bailey</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/1874620593">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" title="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1874620593.mit-edu.top/post/1874620593/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/1874620593">Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-167964298439.mit-edu.top/post/1874620593" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" title="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Evelyn Griffin</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda