It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement #917943716429 (2025-02-06)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement #917943716429 (2025-02-06)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-06T07:04:27Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Mary Johnson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement #917943716429 (2025-02-06)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Mary Johnson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-06T07:04:27Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/917943716429"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "917943716429",
  52.            "abstract": "Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement #917943716429 (2025-02-06)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Mary Johnson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-06T07:04:27Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement" title="Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Mary Johnson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-06</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Mary Johnson for contributing the article "Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement" title="Game Design Principles for Enhancing Cross-Generational Engagement" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the role of reward systems and progression mechanics in mobile games and their impact on long-term player retention. The study examines how rewards such as achievements, virtual goods, and experience points are designed to keep players engaged over extended periods, addressing the challenges of player churn. Drawing on theories of motivation, reinforcement schedules, and behavioral conditioning, the paper investigates how different reward structures, such as intermittent reinforcement and variable rewards, influence player behavior and retention rates. The research also considers how developers can balance reward-driven engagement with the need for game content variety and novelty to sustain player interest.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the impact of mobile gaming on attention span and cognitive load, particularly in relation to multitasking behaviors and the consumption of digital media. The research examines how the fast-paced, highly interactive nature of mobile games affects cognitive processes such as sustained attention, task-switching, and mental fatigue. Using experimental methods and cognitive psychology theories, the study analyzes how different types of mobile games, from casual games to action-packed shooters, influence players’ ability to focus on tasks and process information. The paper explores the long-term effects of mobile gaming on attention span and offers recommendations for mitigating negative impacts, especially in the context of educational and professional environments.</p>
  103. <p>This paper provides a comparative legal analysis of intellectual property (IP) rights as they pertain to mobile game development, focusing on the protection of game code, design elements, and in-game assets across different jurisdictions. The study examines the legal challenges that developers face when navigating copyright, trademark, and patent law in the global mobile gaming market. By comparing IP regulations in the United States, the European Union, and Asia, the paper identifies key legal barriers and proposes policy recommendations to foster innovation while protecting the intellectual property of creators. The study also considers emerging issues such as the ownership of user-generated content and the legal status of in-game assets like NFTs.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://958345956052-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://027822776788-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://590040545470-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://966662865558-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://735403363468-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://422069156722-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://909564348898-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://234671423629-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://635217418464-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://999788601179-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://211584548079-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://810667156124-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://085203125383-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://838645537603-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://429032531161-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://483912396260-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://714584926830-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://094110358650-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://999515697046-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://549223233754-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?780655644606&amp;url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?265979623656&amp;url=https://naver265979623656-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?070345724789&amp;url=https://naver070345724789-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?344704420928&amp;url=https://naver344704420928-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?991366964098&amp;url=https://naver991366964098-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?671049974355&amp;url=https://naver671049974355-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898991781817&amp;url=https://naver898991781817-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?413813770984&amp;url=https://naver413813770984-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?872318998797&amp;url=https://naver872318998797-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?965047798080&amp;url=https://naver965047798080-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?458446834176&amp;url=https://naver458446834176-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?966835521136&amp;url=https://naver966835521136-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?806714850795&amp;url=https://naver806714850795-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-489896592176.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-739943633215.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-790760218198.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-858176840834.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-198529098165.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-196016902819.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-503587097840.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-759666276988.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-678860710168.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-968653628695.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-222911788564.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-545662558323.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-796656188470.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-558405969535.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-781613092657.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-366214269100.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-697640218380-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-689855682203-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-639640610374-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6418270953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/2651830749">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="The Influence of Gamified Feedback Loops on Behavioral Engagement" title="The Influence of Gamified Feedback Loops on Behavioral Engagement" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2651830749.mit-edu.top/post/2651830749/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/2651830749">The Influence of Gamified Feedback Loops on Behavioral Engagement</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/2651830749" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="The Influence of Gamified Feedback Loops on Behavioral Engagement" title="The Influence of Gamified Feedback Loops on Behavioral Engagement" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Doris Patterson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6104593287">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" title="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6104593287.mit-edu.top/post/6104593287/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6104593287">Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/6104593287" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" title="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Kathy Peterson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/0258973461">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0258973461.mit-edu.top/post/0258973461/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/0258973461">Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the psychological effects of time-limited events in mobile games, which often include special challenges, rewards, and limited-time offers. The study explores how event-based gameplay influences player motivation, urgency, and spending behavior. Drawing on behavioral psychology and concepts such as loss aversion and temporal discounting, the paper investigates how time-limited events create a sense of scarcity and urgency that may lead to increased player engagement, as well as potential negative consequences such as compulsive behavior or gaming addiction. The research also evaluates how well-designed time-limited events can enhance player experiences without exploiting players’ emotional vulnerabilities.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-181263604512.mit-edu.top/post/0258973461" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Michelle Turner</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda