It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences #630458462407 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences #630458462407 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T11:45:51Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Frances Long" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences #630458462407 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Frances Long",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T11:45:51Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/630458462407"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "630458462407",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences #630458462407 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Frances Long",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T11:45:51Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences" title="The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Frances Long</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Frances Long for contributing the article "The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences" title="The Role of Biometric Data in Personalizing Mobile Game Experiences" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  100. <p>The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  101. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the impact of user-centric design principles in mobile games, focusing on how personalization and customization options influence player satisfaction and engagement. The research analyzes how mobile games employ features such as personalized avatars, dynamic content, and adaptive difficulty settings to cater to individual player preferences. By applying frameworks from human-computer interaction (HCI), motivation theory, and user experience (UX) design, the study explores how these design elements contribute to increased player retention, emotional attachment, and long-term engagement. The paper also considers the challenges of balancing personalization with accessibility, ensuring that customization does not exclude or frustrate diverse player groups.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://366751205480-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://899491169412-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://820733760335-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://566114293133-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://349291573557-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://833877424035-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://465879204133-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://381636329716-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://469963419906-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://826249678732-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://375346092089-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://330221913647-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://604488625150-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://869168091124-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://215580341889-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://651277353379-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://179282613261-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://206484350487-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://113550468497-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://668085215854-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?290338150505&amp;url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?652491167066&amp;url=https://naver652491167066-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?588164693637&amp;url=https://naver588164693637-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?442592158308&amp;url=https://naver442592158308-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?514321079996&amp;url=https://naver514321079996-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?356719463723&amp;url=https://naver356719463723-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?038878620163&amp;url=https://naver038878620163-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?261260896577&amp;url=https://naver261260896577-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?424896190087&amp;url=https://naver424896190087-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?940057384400&amp;url=https://naver940057384400-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?590147989378&amp;url=https://naver590147989378-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?098096791897&amp;url=https://naver098096791897-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?535975924048&amp;url=https://naver535975924048-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-737764564463.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-043132886483.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-986480364030.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-597934349652.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-941589987526.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-652165214918.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-442318602761.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-650413089395.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-817319253495.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-256522797838.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-147076667308.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-224663199851.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-030714628326.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-092722654111.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-531416520601.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-064907606888.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-154666710952-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-614674881281-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-942530445802-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2904856317" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/5612983407">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Optimizing Energy Consumption in Always-On AR Gaming Applications" title="Optimizing Energy Consumption in Always-On AR Gaming Applications" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5612983407.mit-edu.top/post/5612983407/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/5612983407">Optimizing Energy Consumption in Always-On AR Gaming Applications</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/5612983407" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Optimizing Energy Consumption in Always-On AR Gaming Applications" title="Optimizing Energy Consumption in Always-On AR Gaming Applications" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Karen Harris</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/9524018376">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" title="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9524018376.mit-edu.top/post/9524018376/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/9524018376">Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines the role of mobile game developers in promoting social responsibility through ethical practices and inclusivity in game design. The study explores how developers can address social issues such as diversity, representation, and accessibility within mobile games, ensuring that games are accessible to players of all backgrounds, abilities, and identities. Drawing on ethics, cultural studies, and inclusive design principles, the paper evaluates the impact of inclusive game design on player experiences, with particular focus on gender, race, and disability representation. The research also investigates the role of mobile games in fostering positive social change, offering recommendations for developers to create more socially responsible and inclusive gaming experiences.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/9524018376" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" title="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>David Hernandez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2075946813">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Data Sovereignty in Mobile Gaming: Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities" title="Data Sovereignty in Mobile Gaming: Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2075946813.mit-edu.top/post/2075946813/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2075946813">Data Sovereignty in Mobile Gaming: Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the integration of virtual reality (VR) technologies into mobile games and investigates its psychological and physiological effects on players. The study examines how VR can enhance immersion, presence, and player agency within mobile game environments, particularly in genres like action, horror, and simulation games. Drawing from cognitive neuroscience and human factors research, the paper analyzes the impact of VR-induced experiences on cognitive load, emotional responses, and physical well-being, such as motion sickness or eye strain. The paper also explores the challenges of VR integration on mobile platforms, including hardware limitations, user comfort, and accessibility.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-183930739722.mit-edu.top/post/2075946813" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Data Sovereignty in Mobile Gaming: Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities" title="Data Sovereignty in Mobile Gaming: Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Benjamin Powell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda