It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis #352663226353 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis #352663226353 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T00:58:11Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Martha Perry" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis #352663226353 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T00:58:11Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/352663226353"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "352663226353",
  52.            "abstract": "Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis #352663226353 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T00:58:11Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis" title="Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Martha Perry</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Martha Perry for contributing the article "Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis" title="Cognitive Training Games for Mitigating Age-Related Decline: A Neuropsychological Analysis" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the potential of mobile games as tools for political engagement and civic education, focusing on how game mechanics can be used to teach democratic values, political participation, and social activism. The study compares gamified civic education games across different cultures and political systems, analyzing their effectiveness in fostering political literacy, voter participation, and civic responsibility. By applying frameworks from political science and education theory, the paper assesses the impact of mobile games on shaping young people's political beliefs and behaviors, while also examining the ethical implications of using games for political socialization.</p>
  100. <p>The social fabric of gaming is woven through online multiplayer experiences, where players collaborate, compete, and form lasting friendships in virtual realms. Whether teaming up in cooperative missions or facing off in intense PvP battles, the camaraderie and sense of community fostered by online gaming platforms transcend geographical distances, creating bonds that extend beyond the digital domain.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the evolution of virtual economies within mobile games, focusing on the integration of digital currency and blockchain technology. It analyzes how virtual economies are structured in mobile games, including the use of in-game currencies, tradeable assets, and microtransactions. The paper also investigates the potential of blockchain technology to provide decentralized, secure, and transparent virtual economies, examining its impact on player ownership, digital asset exchange, and the creation of new revenue models for developers and players alike.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores how mobile gaming influences consumer behavior, particularly in relation to brand loyalty and purchasing decisions. It examines how in-game advertisements, product placements, and brand collaborations impact players’ perceptions and engagement with brands. The study also looks at the role of mobile gaming in shaping consumer trends, with a particular focus on young, tech-savvy demographics.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://008320967856-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://302157023540-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://203308219141-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://148823563779-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://481845875206-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://037041165958-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://305672521605-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://292813427221-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://447042972440-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://792863492774-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://026758993697-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://984238208584-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://824192505280-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://179449138561-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://481240732142-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://303931949983-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://807663802936-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://910224465859-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://953942333199-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://470773464487-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?934510415810&amp;url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?143452400488&amp;url=https://naver143452400488-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?824373067518&amp;url=https://naver824373067518-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?560141156402&amp;url=https://naver560141156402-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?743891674101&amp;url=https://naver743891674101-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?417169025139&amp;url=https://naver417169025139-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?355095260559&amp;url=https://naver355095260559-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?617027279985&amp;url=https://naver617027279985-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898312347846&amp;url=https://naver898312347846-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?473529490103&amp;url=https://naver473529490103-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?920819408349&amp;url=https://naver920819408349-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?574269916368&amp;url=https://naver574269916368-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?218338630612&amp;url=https://naver218338630612-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-563497355871.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-773319231064.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-837999246585.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-321818086327.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-341458941730.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-765324957048.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-946689323579.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-363447513155.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-541245040709.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-641098935389.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-031346900025.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-630700775875.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-778206200345.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-935047600681.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-758336814634.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-265399893307.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-177246311145-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-826290727257-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-236577285009-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/7298053416" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/0281567943">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Digital Twins and Their Applications in Game Design for Predictive Modeling" title="Digital Twins and Their Applications in Game Design for Predictive Modeling" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0281567943.mit-edu.top/post/0281567943/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/0281567943">Digital Twins and Their Applications in Game Design for Predictive Modeling</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/0281567943" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Digital Twins and Their Applications in Game Design for Predictive Modeling" title="Digital Twins and Their Applications in Game Design for Predictive Modeling" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Richard Wilson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/8657914203">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" title="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8657914203.mit-edu.top/post/8657914203/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/8657914203">Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/8657914203" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" title="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/9563128074">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Game Design Principles for Promoting STEM Engagement in K-12 Education" title="Game Design Principles for Promoting STEM Engagement in K-12 Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9563128074.mit-edu.top/post/9563128074/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/9563128074">Game Design Principles for Promoting STEM Engagement in K-12 Education</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-184366571271.mit-edu.top/post/9563128074" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Game Design Principles for Promoting STEM Engagement in K-12 Education" title="Game Design Principles for Promoting STEM Engagement in K-12 Education" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Alice Coleman</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda