It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns #377092074702 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns #377092074702 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T09:56:43Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Amy Ward" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns #377092074702 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T09:56:43Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/377092074702"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "377092074702",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns #377092074702 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T09:56:43Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns" title="The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Amy Ward</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Amy Ward for contributing the article "The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns" title="The Impact of Game Pass Models on Player Spending Patterns" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper examines the intersection of mobile games and behavioral economics, exploring how game mechanics can be used to influence economic decision-making and consumer behavior. Drawing on insights from psychology, game theory, and economics, the study analyzes how mobile games employ reward systems, uncertainty, risk-taking, and resource management to simulate real-world economic decisions. The research explores the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for teaching economic principles, as well as their role in shaping financial behavior in the digital economy. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations of using gamified elements in influencing players’ financial choices.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  103. <p>This meta-analysis synthesizes existing psychometric studies to assess the impact of mobile gaming on cognitive and emotional intelligence. The research systematically reviews empirical evidence regarding the effects of mobile gaming on cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, as well as emotional intelligence competencies, such as empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. By applying meta-analytic techniques, the study provides robust insights into the cognitive and emotional benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming, with a particular focus on game genre, duration of gameplay, and individual differences in player characteristics.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://238502123704-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://318622696698-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://610737651401-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://724104536308-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://668337198261-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://937087250660-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://113753610443-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://253089273981-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://706772784069-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://420474890108-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://136424595262-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://440947899837-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://317438341983-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://443969213308-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://098081823566-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://391499834131-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://162593403201-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://383749489528-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://511025131491-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://831152291665-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?613576437639&amp;url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?153392475591&amp;url=https://naver153392475591-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?720886458715&amp;url=https://naver720886458715-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?459113138567&amp;url=https://naver459113138567-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?815374456545&amp;url=https://naver815374456545-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?280061607528&amp;url=https://naver280061607528-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?831788569006&amp;url=https://naver831788569006-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?551205824830&amp;url=https://naver551205824830-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?091753646815&amp;url=https://naver091753646815-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?762772338559&amp;url=https://naver762772338559-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?131625734810&amp;url=https://naver131625734810-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?174866332600&amp;url=https://naver174866332600-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?843709623885&amp;url=https://naver843709623885-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-359841858345.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-978239224504.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-476755391375.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-461305892716.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-749100547223.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-862990447577.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-067339013023.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-088800197487.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-531388194838.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-749042350141.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-260919762801.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-610194068073.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-219333459550.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-427707879998.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-495292514547.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-893858801672.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-460369208727-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-089434224509-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-399557803839-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/1869275430" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/8765431902">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Impact of Sound Design on Player Experience in Mobile Games" title="The Impact of Sound Design on Player Experience in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8765431902.mit-edu.top/post/8765431902/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/8765431902">The Impact of Sound Design on Player Experience in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research critically examines the ethical considerations of marketing practices in the mobile game industry, focusing on how developers target players through personalized ads, in-app purchases, and player data analysis. The study investigates the ethical implications of targeting vulnerable populations, such as minors, by using persuasive techniques like loot boxes, microtransactions, and time-limited offers. Drawing on ethical frameworks in marketing and consumer protection law, the paper explores the balance between business interests and player welfare, emphasizing the importance of transparency, consent, and social responsibility in game marketing. The research also offers recommendations for ethical advertising practices that avoid manipulation and promote fair treatment of players.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/8765431902" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="The Impact of Sound Design on Player Experience in Mobile Games" title="The Impact of Sound Design on Player Experience in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jennifer Lopez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/8025431976">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Gamified Training Modules for Enhancing Employee Productivity" title="Gamified Training Modules for Enhancing Employee Productivity" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8025431976.mit-edu.top/post/8025431976/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/8025431976">Gamified Training Modules for Enhancing Employee Productivity</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/8025431976" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Gamified Training Modules for Enhancing Employee Productivity" title="Gamified Training Modules for Enhancing Employee Productivity" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Charles Taylor</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/0361789542">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Predicting Player Churn Through Longitudinal Behavioral Analysis in Games" title="Predicting Player Churn Through Longitudinal Behavioral Analysis in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0361789542.mit-edu.top/post/0361789542/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/0361789542">Predicting Player Churn Through Longitudinal Behavioral Analysis in Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of data analytics in mobile game design, focusing on how player behavior data can be leveraged to optimize gameplay, enhance personalization, and drive game development decisions. The research investigates the various methods of collecting and analyzing player data, such as clickstreams, session data, and social interactions, and how this data informs design choices regarding difficulty balancing, content delivery, and monetization strategies. The study also examines the ethical considerations of player data collection, particularly regarding informed consent, data privacy, and algorithmic transparency. The paper proposes a framework for integrating data-driven design with ethical considerations to create better player experiences without compromising privacy.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-1869275430.mit-edu.top/post/0361789542" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Predicting Player Churn Through Longitudinal Behavioral Analysis in Games" title="Predicting Player Churn Through Longitudinal Behavioral Analysis in Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda