It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems #949887553767 (2025-02-08)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems #949887553767 (2025-02-08)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-08T00:30:35Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Richard Wilson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems #949887553767 (2025-02-08)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Richard Wilson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-08T00:30:35Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/949887553767"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "949887553767",
  52.            "abstract": "Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems #949887553767 (2025-02-08)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Richard Wilson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-08T00:30:35Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" title="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Richard Wilson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-08</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Richard Wilson for contributing the article "Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" title="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperation and competition in multiplayer mobile games, focusing on how these social dynamics shape player behavior, engagement, and satisfaction. The research examines how mobile games design cooperative gameplay elements, such as team-based challenges, shared objectives, and resource sharing, alongside competitive mechanics like leaderboards, rankings, and player-vs-player modes. The study explores the psychological effects of cooperation and competition, drawing on theories of social interaction, motivation, and group dynamics. It also discusses the implications of collaborative play for building player communities, fostering social connections, and enhancing overall player enjoyment.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  102. <p>The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://552153398391-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://394010240912-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://934730285591-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://830779908310-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://434526819392-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://321871964032-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://922863817369-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://941970113300-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://497900193489-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://871507502790-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://711041191891-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://911269256307-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://167336318522-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://642832923150-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://075716422266-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://908751925208-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://400826823305-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://958274964730-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://833454205387-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://970300805733-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?129603686032&amp;url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?462991698639&amp;url=https://naver462991698639-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?629293505565&amp;url=https://naver629293505565-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?834437783073&amp;url=https://naver834437783073-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?233006079098&amp;url=https://naver233006079098-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?359806489833&amp;url=https://naver359806489833-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?611029442753&amp;url=https://naver611029442753-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?450359295175&amp;url=https://naver450359295175-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?724718180382&amp;url=https://naver724718180382-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?236511857892&amp;url=https://naver236511857892-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?812330902483&amp;url=https://naver812330902483-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?301330663214&amp;url=https://naver301330663214-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?490180471605&amp;url=https://naver490180471605-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-606954395538.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-594925465584.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-531702273868.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-398841700203.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-840309852932.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-169455385179.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-350370755796.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-671865181136.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-775293228255.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-330909577753.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-272486053682.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-904830473564.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-411287614853.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-468736037410.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-457804255374.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-035521878641.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-344096142923-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-358886390943-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-020995020539-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0935162847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0352871469">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="AI-Augmented Firewalls for Enhanced Security in Mobile Game Infrastructures" title="AI-Augmented Firewalls for Enhanced Security in Mobile Game Infrastructures" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0352871469.mit-edu.top/post/0352871469/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0352871469">AI-Augmented Firewalls for Enhanced Security in Mobile Game Infrastructures</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0352871469" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="AI-Augmented Firewalls for Enhanced Security in Mobile Game Infrastructures" title="AI-Augmented Firewalls for Enhanced Security in Mobile Game Infrastructures" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Barbara Garcia</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0843169275">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" title="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0843169275.mit-edu.top/post/0843169275/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0843169275">Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study examines the sustainability of in-game economies in mobile games, focusing on virtual currencies, trade systems, and item marketplaces. The research explores how virtual economies are structured and how players interact with them, analyzing the balance between supply and demand, currency inflation, and the regulation of in-game resources. Drawing on economic theories of market dynamics and behavioral economics, the paper investigates how in-game economic systems influence player spending, engagement, and decision-making. The study also evaluates the role of developers in maintaining a stable virtual economy and mitigating issues such as inflation, pay-to-win mechanics, and market manipulation. The research provides recommendations for developers to create more sustainable and player-friendly in-game economies.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/0843169275" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" title="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jennifer Lopez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/1768932504">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Cross-Device Synchronization in Mixed Reality Collaborative Gaming Environments" title="Cross-Device Synchronization in Mixed Reality Collaborative Gaming Environments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1768932504.mit-edu.top/post/1768932504/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/1768932504">Cross-Device Synchronization in Mixed Reality Collaborative Gaming Environments</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the role of geolocation-based augmented reality (AR) games in transforming how urban spaces are perceived and interacted with by players. The study investigates how AR mobile games such as Pokémon Go integrate physical locations into gameplay, creating a hybrid digital-physical experience. The paper explores the implications of geolocation-based games for urban planning, public space use, and social interaction, considering both the positive and negative effects of blending virtual experiences with real-world environments. It also addresses ethical concerns regarding data privacy, surveillance, and the potential for gamifying everyday spaces in ways that affect public life.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-198897999063.mit-edu.top/post/1768932504" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Cross-Device Synchronization in Mixed Reality Collaborative Gaming Environments" title="Cross-Device Synchronization in Mixed Reality Collaborative Gaming Environments" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>James Williams</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda