It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #500044569335 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #500044569335 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T04:35:55Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Edward Roberts" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #500044569335 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Edward Roberts",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:35:55Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/500044569335"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "500044569335",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #500044569335 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Edward Roberts",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:35:55Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Edward Roberts</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Edward Roberts for contributing the article "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  100. <p>This research critically examines the ethical implications of data mining in mobile games, particularly concerning the collection and analysis of player data for monetization, personalization, and behavioral profiling. The paper evaluates how mobile game developers utilize big data, machine learning, and predictive analytics to gain insights into player behavior, highlighting the risks associated with data privacy, consent, and exploitation. Drawing on theories of privacy ethics and consumer protection, the study discusses potential regulatory frameworks and industry standards aimed at safeguarding user rights while maintaining the economic viability of mobile gaming businesses.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  102. <p>This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  103. <p>Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://285707891878-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://140316428054-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://279523251831-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://521609523555-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://207003430383-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://619893056127-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://070325956656-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://099138409489-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://885497105148-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://733309009012-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://862811899339-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://159773547987-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://888880077358-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://437471496364-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://728516305183-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://290926770527-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://767403885637-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://367985214307-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://985947714464-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://743316053742-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?363894693188&amp;url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?969306880111&amp;url=https://naver969306880111-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?816190437827&amp;url=https://naver816190437827-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?287606492432&amp;url=https://naver287606492432-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?020032223943&amp;url=https://naver020032223943-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?087860598369&amp;url=https://naver087860598369-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?918152364478&amp;url=https://naver918152364478-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?690094493170&amp;url=https://naver690094493170-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?130066957863&amp;url=https://naver130066957863-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?009546306415&amp;url=https://naver009546306415-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?955372386493&amp;url=https://naver955372386493-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?188975276230&amp;url=https://naver188975276230-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?971523118645&amp;url=https://naver971523118645-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-884533842739.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-267990088130.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-441316895258.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-633916843632.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-730554509730.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-420955819100.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-894258531586.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-046020062167.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-749769759275.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-028287991593.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-600816591468.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-443361974703.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-592751112193.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-752909743180.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-288668917283.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-394614089389.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-254563591357-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-258077317878-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-277105120687-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/2401837569" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/0743269158">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="The Role of Emotional Contagion in Cooperative Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="The Role of Emotional Contagion in Cooperative Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0743269158.mit-edu.top/post/0743269158/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/0743269158">The Role of Emotional Contagion in Cooperative Multiplayer Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper examines how mobile games can enhance players’ psychological empowerment by improving their self-efficacy and confidence through gameplay. The research investigates how game mechanics such as challenges, achievements, and skill development contribute to a player's sense of mastery and competence. Drawing on psychological theories of self-efficacy and motivation, the study explores how mobile games can be designed to provide players with a sense of accomplishment and personal growth, particularly in games that focus on skill-based tasks, puzzles, and strategy. The paper also explores the impact of mobile games on players' overall well-being, particularly in terms of their confidence and ability to overcome challenges in real life.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/0743269158" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Role of Emotional Contagion in Cooperative Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="The Role of Emotional Contagion in Cooperative Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Lisa Walker</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/7621950438">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="The Relationship Between In-Game Challenges and Player Motivation: A Quantitative Analysis" title="The Relationship Between In-Game Challenges and Player Motivation: A Quantitative Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7621950438.mit-edu.top/post/7621950438/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/7621950438">The Relationship Between In-Game Challenges and Player Motivation: A Quantitative Analysis</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the ethical concerns surrounding mobile game addiction and its potential societal consequences. It examines the role of game design features, such as reward loops, monetization practices, and social competition, in fostering addictive behaviors among players. The research analyzes current regulatory frameworks across different countries and proposes policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, with an emphasis on industry self-regulation, consumer protection, and the promotion of healthy gaming habits.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/7621950438" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="The Relationship Between In-Game Challenges and Player Motivation: A Quantitative Analysis" title="The Relationship Between In-Game Challenges and Player Motivation: A Quantitative Analysis" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jennifer Lopez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/6458731209">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Narrative Structures in Games as Vehicles for Historical Revisionism" title="Narrative Structures in Games as Vehicles for Historical Revisionism" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6458731209.mit-edu.top/post/6458731209/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/6458731209">Narrative Structures in Games as Vehicles for Historical Revisionism</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-2401837569.mit-edu.top/post/6458731209" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Narrative Structures in Games as Vehicles for Historical Revisionism" title="Narrative Structures in Games as Vehicles for Historical Revisionism" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda