It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #661461779514 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #661461779514 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T08:54:29Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jason Morris" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #661461779514 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jason Morris",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T08:54:29Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/661461779514"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "661461779514",
  52.            "abstract": "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #661461779514 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jason Morris",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T08:54:29Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" title="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jason Morris</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jason Morris for contributing the article "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" title="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperation and competition in multiplayer mobile games, focusing on how these social dynamics shape player behavior, engagement, and satisfaction. The research examines how mobile games design cooperative gameplay elements, such as team-based challenges, shared objectives, and resource sharing, alongside competitive mechanics like leaderboards, rankings, and player-vs-player modes. The study explores the psychological effects of cooperation and competition, drawing on theories of social interaction, motivation, and group dynamics. It also discusses the implications of collaborative play for building player communities, fostering social connections, and enhancing overall player enjoyment.</p>
  100. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and procedural content generation (PCG) in mobile game development, focusing on how these technologies can create dynamic and ever-changing game environments. The paper examines how AI-powered systems can generate game content such as levels, characters, items, and quests in response to player actions, creating highly personalized and unique experiences for each player. Drawing on procedural generation theories, machine learning, and user experience design, the research investigates the benefits and challenges of using AI in game development, including issues related to content coherence, complexity, and player satisfaction. The study also discusses the future potential of AI-driven content creation in shaping the next generation of mobile games.</p>
  102. <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  103. <p>This research examines the integration of mixed reality (MR) technologies, combining elements of both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), into mobile games. The study explores how MR can enhance player immersion by providing interactive, context-aware experiences that blend the virtual and physical worlds. Drawing on immersive media theories and user experience research, the paper investigates how MR technologies can create more engaging and dynamic gameplay experiences, including new forms of storytelling, exploration, and social interaction. The research also addresses the technical challenges of implementing MR in mobile games, such as hardware constraints, spatial mapping, and real-time rendering, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to leverage MR in mobile game design.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://219547402533-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://893237866151-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://763473595449-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://290443833166-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://943569636973-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://332887706851-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://235541135581-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://455053387665-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://446021244799-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://813462617212-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://550227861574-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://698178060406-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://678390646678-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://365513982809-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://615756413252-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://217885721373-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://662952913599-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://130555787565-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://047275632837-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://029478381446-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?914771286003&amp;url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?567840553500&amp;url=https://naver567840553500-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?339583285752&amp;url=https://naver339583285752-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?870581847622&amp;url=https://naver870581847622-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?788038072920&amp;url=https://naver788038072920-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?348823011169&amp;url=https://naver348823011169-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?254916285098&amp;url=https://naver254916285098-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?996199124016&amp;url=https://naver996199124016-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?317523458840&amp;url=https://naver317523458840-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?579078968688&amp;url=https://naver579078968688-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?591902533286&amp;url=https://naver591902533286-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?631526583491&amp;url=https://naver631526583491-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?388156906096&amp;url=https://naver388156906096-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-340679333585.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-144583712537.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-227936661638.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-672921545994.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-375529351045.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-702876733035.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-189679106669.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-695709370668.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-241645263231.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-142818878358.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-386353287442.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-968281305597.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-474219148883.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-101946143061.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-102762410841.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-855644054249.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-854151371658-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-899884979534-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-939453449855-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/1579382064" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/8046273915">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="A Smart Contract Protocol for Player-Owned Game Assets" title="A Smart Contract Protocol for Player-Owned Game Assets" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8046273915.gifthub.news/post/8046273915/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/8046273915">A Smart Contract Protocol for Player-Owned Game Assets</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/8046273915" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="A Smart Contract Protocol for Player-Owned Game Assets" title="A Smart Contract Protocol for Player-Owned Game Assets" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Edward Roberts</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/4527136890">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Game-Based Pedagogy for Enhancing Critical Thinking in Higher Education" title="Game-Based Pedagogy for Enhancing Critical Thinking in Higher Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4527136890.gifthub.news/post/4527136890/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/4527136890">Game-Based Pedagogy for Enhancing Critical Thinking in Higher Education</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">From the nostalgic allure of retro classics to the cutting-edge simulations of modern gaming, the evolution of this immersive medium mirrors humanity's insatiable thirst for innovation, escapism, and boundless exploration. The rich tapestry of gaming history is woven with iconic titles that have left an indelible mark on pop culture and inspired generations of players. As technology advances and artistic vision continues to push the boundaries of what's possible, the gaming landscape evolves, offering new experiences, genres, and innovations that captivate and enthrall players worldwide.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/4527136890" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Game-Based Pedagogy for Enhancing Critical Thinking in Higher Education" title="Game-Based Pedagogy for Enhancing Critical Thinking in Higher Education" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/3169504827">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Quantum-Enhanced Pathfinding in Procedurally Generated Game Worlds" title="Quantum-Enhanced Pathfinding in Procedurally Generated Game Worlds" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3169504827.gifthub.news/post/3169504827/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/3169504827">Quantum-Enhanced Pathfinding in Procedurally Generated Game Worlds</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-245364829944.gifthub.news/post/3169504827" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Quantum-Enhanced Pathfinding in Procedurally Generated Game Worlds" title="Quantum-Enhanced Pathfinding in Procedurally Generated Game Worlds" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Alice Coleman</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda