It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis #959561222924 (2025-02-10)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis #959561222924 (2025-02-10)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-09T20:02:01Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Charles Taylor" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis #959561222924 (2025-02-10)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Charles Taylor",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-09T20:02:01Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/959561222924"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "959561222924",
  52.            "abstract": "Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis #959561222924 (2025-02-10)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Charles Taylor",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-09T20:02:01Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis" title="Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Charles Taylor</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-10</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Charles Taylor for contributing the article "Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis" title="Procedural Dungeon Generation in Mobile Games Using Topological Data Analysis" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates how machine learning (ML) algorithms are used in mobile games to predict player behavior and improve game design. The study examines how game developers utilize data from players’ actions, preferences, and progress to create more personalized and engaging experiences. Drawing on predictive analytics and reinforcement learning, the paper explores how AI can optimize game content, such as dynamically adjusting difficulty levels, rewards, and narratives based on player interactions. The research also evaluates the ethical considerations surrounding data collection, privacy concerns, and algorithmic fairness in the context of player behavior prediction, offering recommendations for responsible use of AI in mobile games.</p>
  100. <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the evolution of game monetization models in mobile games, with a focus on player preferences and developer strategies over time. By examining historical data and trends from the mobile gaming industry, the study identifies key shifts in monetization practices, such as the transition from premium models to free-to-play with in-app purchases (IAP), subscription services, and ad-based monetization. The research also investigates how these shifts have impacted player behavior, including spending habits, game retention, and perceptions of value. Drawing on theories of consumer behavior, the paper discusses the relationship between monetization models and player satisfaction, providing insights into how developers can balance profitability with user experience while maintaining ethical standards.</p>
  103. <p>This paper explores the potential role of mobile games in the development of digital twin technologies—virtual replicas of real-world entities and environments—focusing on how gaming engines and simulation platforms can contribute to the creation of accurate, real-time digital representations. The study examines the technological infrastructure required for mobile games to act as tools for digital twin creation, as well as the ethical considerations involved in representing real-world data and experiences in virtual spaces. The paper discusses the convergence of mobile gaming, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), proposing new avenues for innovation in both gaming and digital twin industries.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://380310645915-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://926699144311-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://682469607639-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://703205797366-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://280712880027-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://087851721041-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://520367995066-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://354357166942-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://014129382418-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://118624359895-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://601306508021-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://059291102975-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://410409960100-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://850663768797-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://808105657797-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://683703889955-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://232001892612-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://288957626096-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://385371894194-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://274435753559-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?311911659286&amp;url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?376785203657&amp;url=https://naver376785203657-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?232598529710&amp;url=https://naver232598529710-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?886804531100&amp;url=https://naver886804531100-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?721096710079&amp;url=https://naver721096710079-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?821793881472&amp;url=https://naver821793881472-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?935146119228&amp;url=https://naver935146119228-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?990997980160&amp;url=https://naver990997980160-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?459696889494&amp;url=https://naver459696889494-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?016038838938&amp;url=https://naver016038838938-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?626732787657&amp;url=https://naver626732787657-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?346386797491&amp;url=https://naver346386797491-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?284077840514&amp;url=https://naver284077840514-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-792558292921.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-501340479976.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-760712291447.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-376569729854.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-801709475556.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-776920657314.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-386272762833.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-781237914517.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-673414843570.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-746020399523.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-224785443885.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-269616791403.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-533486718287.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-821209736708.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-387527971320.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-991829502623.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-606277115868-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-655888888060-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-021294564281-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/9853072614" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/3964827501">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Simulating Complex Game Ecosystems" title="The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Simulating Complex Game Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3964827501.gifthub.news/post/3964827501/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-10</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/3964827501">The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Simulating Complex Game Ecosystems</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/3964827501" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Simulating Complex Game Ecosystems" title="The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Simulating Complex Game Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Daniel Hall</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-10 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/5692478013">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" title="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5692478013.gifthub.news/post/5692478013/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-10</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/5692478013">Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/5692478013" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" title="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Raymond Henderson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-10 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/7896102453">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" title="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7896102453.gifthub.news/post/7896102453/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-10</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/7896102453">Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-256061424474.gifthub.news/post/7896102453" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" title="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Michael Davis</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-10 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda