It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design #168018638175 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design #168018638175 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-06T22:17:36Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Margaret Allen" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design #168018638175 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-06T22:17:36Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/168018638175"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "168018638175",
  52.            "abstract": "The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design #168018638175 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-06T22:17:36Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design" title="The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Margaret Allen</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Margaret Allen for contributing the article "The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design" title="The Ethics of Player Surveillance in AI-Driven Game Design" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper delves into the concept of digital addiction, specifically focusing on the psychological and social impacts of excessive mobile game usage. The research examines how mobile gaming, particularly in free-to-play models, contributes to behavioral addiction, exploring how reward loops, social pressure, and the desire for progression can lead to compulsive gaming behavior. Drawing on psychological theories of addiction, habit formation, and reward systems, the study analyzes the mental health consequences of excessive gaming, such as sleep disruption, anxiety, and social isolation. The paper also evaluates preventive and intervention strategies, including digital well-being tools and game design modifications, to mitigate the risk of addiction.</p>
  100. <p>This research examines the intersection of mobile games and the evolving landscape of media consumption, particularly in the context of journalism and news delivery. The study explores how mobile games are influencing the way users consume information, engage with news stories, and interact with media content. By analyzing game mechanics such as interactive narratives, role-playing elements, and user-driven content creation, the paper investigates how mobile games can be leveraged to deliver news in novel ways that increase engagement and foster critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of misinformation, echo chambers, and the ethical implications of gamified news delivery.</p>
  101. <p>Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  102. <p>This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  103. <p>This paper explores the influence of cultural differences on mobile game preferences and playstyles, examining how cultural values, social norms, and gaming traditions shape player behavior and engagement. By drawing on cross-cultural psychology and international marketing research, the study compares player preferences across different regions, including East Asia, North America, and Europe. The research investigates how cultural factors influence choices in game genre, design aesthetics, social interaction, and in-game purchasing behavior. The study also discusses how game developers can design culturally sensitive games that appeal to global audiences while maintaining local relevance, offering strategies for localization and cross-cultural adaptation.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://664034729144-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://313136752231-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://702782448942-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://325230771195-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://760094274442-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://787682914448-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://515624201201-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://639183452110-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://402956708371-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://891012186104-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://449660711906-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://676404593795-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://014624069936-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://017107765416-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://875244755217-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://614618219030-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://817358945560-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://946567339791-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://623536517343-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://148794889446-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?179149212565&amp;url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?226951375144&amp;url=https://naver226951375144-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?633677295219&amp;url=https://naver633677295219-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?230497910615&amp;url=https://naver230497910615-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?753368831199&amp;url=https://naver753368831199-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?919430464503&amp;url=https://naver919430464503-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?305377942289&amp;url=https://naver305377942289-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?062171172026&amp;url=https://naver062171172026-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?062523954481&amp;url=https://naver062523954481-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?286404300628&amp;url=https://naver286404300628-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?745047754016&amp;url=https://naver745047754016-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?302751979529&amp;url=https://naver302751979529-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?960923797302&amp;url=https://naver960923797302-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-078479119385.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-482334320423.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-802632830787.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-698637175419.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-951094374647.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-821800670433.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-251702697897.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-325789572762.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-739873109289.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-559338071650.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-518884067045.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-465484449373.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-280345406285.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-691496042681.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-026963282216.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-767485944194.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-898157250946-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-375597273911-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-416935315221-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/1649270835" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/7028951436">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" title="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7028951436.mit-edu.top/post/7028951436/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/7028951436">Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores how mobile games can be used to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote sustainable behaviors. Drawing on environmental psychology and game-based learning, the study investigates how game mechanics such as resource management, ecological simulations, and narrative-driven environmental challenges can educate players about sustainability. The research examines case studies of games that integrate environmental themes, analyzing their impact on players' attitudes toward climate change, waste reduction, and conservation efforts. The paper proposes a framework for designing mobile games that not only entertain but also foster environmental stewardship and collective action.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/7028951436" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" title="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jonathan Torres</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/2610783594">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="A Framework for Procedural Animation in Low-Resource Mobile Games" title="A Framework for Procedural Animation in Low-Resource Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2610783594.mit-edu.top/post/2610783594/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/2610783594">A Framework for Procedural Animation in Low-Resource Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/2610783594" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="A Framework for Procedural Animation in Low-Resource Mobile Games" title="A Framework for Procedural Animation in Low-Resource Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Pamela Kelly</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/9021564738">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Environmental Awareness Through Gamified Learning in Mobile Games" title="Environmental Awareness Through Gamified Learning in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9021564738.mit-edu.top/post/9021564738/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/9021564738">Environmental Awareness Through Gamified Learning in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-286708896745.mit-edu.top/post/9021564738" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Environmental Awareness Through Gamified Learning in Mobile Games" title="Environmental Awareness Through Gamified Learning in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jerry Fisher</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda