It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play #006347571007 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play #006347571007 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T04:53:21Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Nancy Lewis" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play #006347571007 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Nancy Lewis",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T04:53:21Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/006347571007"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "006347571007",
  52.            "abstract": "The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play #006347571007 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Nancy Lewis",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T04:53:21Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play" title="The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Nancy Lewis</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Nancy Lewis for contributing the article "The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play" title="The Rise of Co-op Mobile Games: Fostering Collaborative Play" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores the use of mobile games as learning tools, integrating gamification strategies into educational contexts. The research draws on cognitive learning theories and educational psychology to analyze how game mechanics such as rewards, challenges, and feedback influence knowledge retention, motivation, and problem-solving skills. By reviewing case studies of mobile learning games, the paper identifies best practices for designing educational games that foster deep learning experiences while maintaining player engagement. The study also examines the potential for mobile games to address disparities in education access and equity, particularly in resource-limited environments.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines how mobile games can contribute to the development of smart cities, focusing on the integration of gaming technologies with urban planning, sustainability initiatives, and civic engagement efforts. The paper investigates the potential of mobile games to facilitate smart city initiatives, such as crowd-sourced data collection, environmental monitoring, and social participation. By exploring the intersection of gaming, urban studies, and IoT, the research discusses how mobile games can play a role in addressing contemporary challenges in urban sustainability, mobility, and governance.</p>
  101. <p>This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  103. <p>This paper systematically reviews the growing body of literature on the use of mobile games as interventions in mental health treatment, particularly focusing on anxiety, depression, and cognitive disorders. The study examines various approaches to game-based therapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based games, assessing their effectiveness in improving emotional well-being and mental resilience. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that integrates psychological theories with game design principles to develop therapeutic mobile games. Furthermore, the study explores the ethical implications of using mobile games for mental health interventions, such as user privacy, data security, and informed consent.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://503144459862-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://756176992821-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://420241101516-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://961957123740-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://330622764799-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://809051647842-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://555929962925-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://292771661577-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://742426781274-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://170463993160-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://237494169301-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://980107524561-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://961278201041-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://567498596607-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://369826012230-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://061266312162-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://922683429301-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://912235342468-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://000317619887-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://129050152485-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?010256166108&amp;url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?869857569575&amp;url=https://naver869857569575-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?691839430456&amp;url=https://naver691839430456-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?163783670555&amp;url=https://naver163783670555-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?311378838911&amp;url=https://naver311378838911-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?954990606985&amp;url=https://naver954990606985-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?343308830077&amp;url=https://naver343308830077-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?950751847347&amp;url=https://naver950751847347-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?308006631962&amp;url=https://naver308006631962-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?855853658624&amp;url=https://naver855853658624-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?819653394194&amp;url=https://naver819653394194-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?867054239725&amp;url=https://naver867054239725-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?091964445411&amp;url=https://naver091964445411-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-740269656451.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-975957566652.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-007649723740.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-715360467952.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-708464775539.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-402877848485.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-421227407354.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-721384225502.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-297135678891.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-541277759897.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-310871190903.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-461341405623.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-309388120207.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-326317753898.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-949411851790.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-602733465106.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-972252146097-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-272451522895-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-142762459684-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/0126735849" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/5362147980">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Understanding Risk Propensity in Players of High-Stakes Gaming Scenarios" title="Understanding Risk Propensity in Players of High-Stakes Gaming Scenarios" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5362147980.gifthub.news/post/5362147980/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/5362147980">Understanding Risk Propensity in Players of High-Stakes Gaming Scenarios</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the potential role of mobile games in the development of digital twin technologies—virtual replicas of real-world entities and environments—focusing on how gaming engines and simulation platforms can contribute to the creation of accurate, real-time digital representations. The study examines the technological infrastructure required for mobile games to act as tools for digital twin creation, as well as the ethical considerations involved in representing real-world data and experiences in virtual spaces. The paper discusses the convergence of mobile gaming, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), proposing new avenues for innovation in both gaming and digital twin industries.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/5362147980" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Understanding Risk Propensity in Players of High-Stakes Gaming Scenarios" title="Understanding Risk Propensity in Players of High-Stakes Gaming Scenarios" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Patricia Brown</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/1502934876">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Global Social Movements" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Global Social Movements" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1502934876.gifthub.news/post/1502934876/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/1502934876">The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Global Social Movements</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the application of behavioral economics and game theory in understanding consumer behavior within the mobile gaming ecosystem. It explores how concepts such as loss aversion, anchoring bias, and the endowment effect are leveraged by mobile game developers to influence players' in-game spending, decision-making, and engagement. The study also introduces game-theoretic models to analyze the strategic interactions between developers, players, and other stakeholders, such as advertisers and third-party service providers, proposing new models for optimizing user acquisition and retention strategies in the competitive mobile game market.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/1502934876" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Global Social Movements" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Global Social Movements" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Melissa Collins</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/4705896132">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" title="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4705896132.gifthub.news/post/4705896132/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/4705896132">Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-298236219925.gifthub.news/post/4705896132" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" title="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jeffrey Reed</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda