It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #422246327945 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #422246327945 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T03:49:57Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Margaret Allen" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #422246327945 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T03:49:57Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/422246327945"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "422246327945",
  52.            "abstract": "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #422246327945 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T03:49:57Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" title="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Margaret Allen</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Margaret Allen for contributing the article "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" title="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research evaluates the environmental sustainability of the mobile gaming industry, focusing on the environmental footprint of game development, distribution, and consumption. The study examines energy consumption patterns, electronic waste generation, and resource use across the mobile gaming lifecycle, offering a comprehensive assessment of the industry's impact on global sustainability. It also explores innovative approaches to mitigate these effects, such as green game design principles, eco-friendly server technologies, and sustainable mobile device manufacturing practices.</p>
  100. <p>Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  102. <p>This study compares the educational efficacy of mobile games designed for learning with those created purely for entertainment purposes, examining their impacts on knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Drawing from educational theory, cognitive psychology, and game design, the research evaluates how various game mechanics—such as points, challenges, and feedback loops—affect learning outcomes. The paper investigates how mobile games can bridge the gap between fun and education, proposing a framework for creating hybrid games that are both enjoyable and educational. The research also addresses the challenges of assessing learning outcomes in gamified environments and the role of player motivation in educational success.</p>
  103. <p>The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://434593974074-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://115394033573-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://251284728188-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://575982403932-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://446703129257-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://720549307906-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://146440785355-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://778794467522-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://562253968512-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://691136714683-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://030793949275-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://562423683796-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://468826239208-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://603520187329-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://787066703596-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://229140010472-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://480112091898-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://479828440465-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://476513762874-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://183363110093-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?948995543294&amp;url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?670868276603&amp;url=https://naver670868276603-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?024124419318&amp;url=https://naver024124419318-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?962282649735&amp;url=https://naver962282649735-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?563224526039&amp;url=https://naver563224526039-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?580422228547&amp;url=https://naver580422228547-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?712795252675&amp;url=https://naver712795252675-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?037641590633&amp;url=https://naver037641590633-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?865710592861&amp;url=https://naver865710592861-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?496653157921&amp;url=https://naver496653157921-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?181244530112&amp;url=https://naver181244530112-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?272459599155&amp;url=https://naver272459599155-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?571263472507&amp;url=https://naver571263472507-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-050172499744.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-694619166293.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-641801517625.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-975849318770.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-787406871951.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-012875362857.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-798675753404.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-081287398676.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-203599268136.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-601042550778.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-417385905365.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-292105776971.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-137205156885.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-385912431641.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-228916039850.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-366954493095.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-238303536327-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-031917043649-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-188497921852-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/6798041532" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/8506491327">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Exploring the Use of Puzzle Games for Language Acquisition in Early Childhood" title="Exploring the Use of Puzzle Games for Language Acquisition in Early Childhood" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8506491327.mit-edu.top/post/8506491327/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/8506491327">Exploring the Use of Puzzle Games for Language Acquisition in Early Childhood</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/8506491327" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Exploring the Use of Puzzle Games for Language Acquisition in Early Childhood" title="Exploring the Use of Puzzle Games for Language Acquisition in Early Childhood" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Emma Price</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/1734086529">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" title="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1734086529.mit-edu.top/post/1734086529/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/1734086529">The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper focuses on the cybersecurity risks associated with mobile games, specifically exploring how game applications collect, store, and share player data. The study examines the security vulnerabilities inherent in mobile gaming platforms, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and exploitation of user information. Drawing on frameworks from cybersecurity research and privacy law, the paper investigates the implications of mobile game data collection on user privacy and the broader implications for digital identity protection. The research also provides policy recommendations for improving the security and privacy protocols in the mobile gaming industry, ensuring that players’ data is adequately protected.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/1734086529" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" title="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Ann Gonzales</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/1065392487">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Exploring the Use of Digital Holography in Next-Generation Gaming Platforms" title="Exploring the Use of Digital Holography in Next-Generation Gaming Platforms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1065392487.mit-edu.top/post/1065392487/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/1065392487">Exploring the Use of Digital Holography in Next-Generation Gaming Platforms</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-299159945218.mit-edu.top/post/1065392487" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Exploring the Use of Digital Holography in Next-Generation Gaming Platforms" title="Exploring the Use of Digital Holography in Next-Generation Gaming Platforms" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Anna Ross</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda