It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games #024855531727 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games #024855531727 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T06:49:06Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Patrick Russell" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games #024855531727 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Patrick Russell",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T06:49:06Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/024855531727"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "024855531727",
  52.            "abstract": "Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games #024855531727 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Patrick Russell",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T06:49:06Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" title="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Patrick Russell</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Patrick Russell for contributing the article "Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" title="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The social fabric of gaming is woven through online multiplayer experiences, where players collaborate, compete, and form lasting friendships in virtual realms. Whether teaming up in cooperative missions or facing off in intense PvP battles, the camaraderie and sense of community fostered by online gaming platforms transcend geographical distances, creating bonds that extend beyond the digital domain.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  101. <p>This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  102. <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  103. <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://493475260521-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://912321266763-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://577340890248-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://865827919251-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://477044402136-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://225349136628-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://420345492207-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://647961583118-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://131803745780-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://229550324010-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://279591404595-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://969437560516-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://548050087036-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://177636123076-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://833984549345-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://453157875539-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://242550243531-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://086020566981-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://768321256411-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://435899997600-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?666364431363&amp;url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?599130383963&amp;url=https://naver599130383963-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?863623699225&amp;url=https://naver863623699225-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?778805264178&amp;url=https://naver778805264178-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?117504880143&amp;url=https://naver117504880143-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?503436003994&amp;url=https://naver503436003994-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?410938859509&amp;url=https://naver410938859509-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?998013463706&amp;url=https://naver998013463706-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?407896248331&amp;url=https://naver407896248331-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?226277276077&amp;url=https://naver226277276077-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?324794435114&amp;url=https://naver324794435114-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?849783805532&amp;url=https://naver849783805532-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?350958790169&amp;url=https://naver350958790169-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-603125619688.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-979422757753.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-532559510832.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-404472269102.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-478243507852.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-704898139576.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-702723960785.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-145831112591.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-305353933105.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-402581105789.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-800159290826.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-119430081239.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-340918808814.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-844936548491.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-509623657659.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-530422816200.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-954704854817-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-183948991933-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-124855940310-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/5143826097" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/8541296073">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Evolution of Mobile Game Engines: A Comparative Study" title="Evolution of Mobile Game Engines: A Comparative Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8541296073.gifthub.news/post/8541296073/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/8541296073">Evolution of Mobile Game Engines: A Comparative Study</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study compares the educational efficacy of mobile games designed for learning with those created purely for entertainment purposes, examining their impacts on knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Drawing from educational theory, cognitive psychology, and game design, the research evaluates how various game mechanics—such as points, challenges, and feedback loops—affect learning outcomes. The paper investigates how mobile games can bridge the gap between fun and education, proposing a framework for creating hybrid games that are both enjoyable and educational. The research also addresses the challenges of assessing learning outcomes in gamified environments and the role of player motivation in educational success.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/8541296073" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Evolution of Mobile Game Engines: A Comparative Study" title="Evolution of Mobile Game Engines: A Comparative Study" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Nicholas Richardson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/2857390416">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Predictive Models for Revenue Optimization in Freemium Games" title="Predictive Models for Revenue Optimization in Freemium Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2857390416.gifthub.news/post/2857390416/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/2857390416">Predictive Models for Revenue Optimization in Freemium Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines the intersection of mobile games and the evolving landscape of media consumption, particularly in the context of journalism and news delivery. The study explores how mobile games are influencing the way users consume information, engage with news stories, and interact with media content. By analyzing game mechanics such as interactive narratives, role-playing elements, and user-driven content creation, the paper investigates how mobile games can be leveraged to deliver news in novel ways that increase engagement and foster critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of misinformation, echo chambers, and the ethical implications of gamified news delivery.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/2857390416" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Predictive Models for Revenue Optimization in Freemium Games" title="Predictive Models for Revenue Optimization in Freemium Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Gloria Bryant</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/9645230781">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Unveiling Behavioral Patterns Through Sequence Analysis in Competitive Games" title="Unveiling Behavioral Patterns Through Sequence Analysis in Competitive Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9645230781.gifthub.news/post/9645230781/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/9645230781">Unveiling Behavioral Patterns Through Sequence Analysis in Competitive Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research delves into the phenomenon of digital addiction within the context of mobile gaming, focusing on the psychological mechanisms that contribute to excessive play. The study draws on addiction psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral science to explore how mobile games utilize reward systems, variable reinforcement schedules, and immersive experiences to keep players engaged. The paper examines the societal impacts of mobile gaming addiction, including its effects on productivity, relationships, and mental health. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations for mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, such as implementing healthier game design practices and promoting responsible gaming habits.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-300664993259.gifthub.news/post/9645230781" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Unveiling Behavioral Patterns Through Sequence Analysis in Competitive Games" title="Unveiling Behavioral Patterns Through Sequence Analysis in Competitive Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda