It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #371181933509 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #371181933509 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T16:56:12Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Mark Wright" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #371181933509 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Mark Wright",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T16:56:12Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/371181933509"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "371181933509",
  52.            "abstract": "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #371181933509 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Mark Wright",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T16:56:12Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" title="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Mark Wright</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Mark Wright for contributing the article "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" title="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper examines the application of behavioral economics and game theory in understanding consumer behavior within the mobile gaming ecosystem. It explores how concepts such as loss aversion, anchoring bias, and the endowment effect are leveraged by mobile game developers to influence players' in-game spending, decision-making, and engagement. The study also introduces game-theoretic models to analyze the strategic interactions between developers, players, and other stakeholders, such as advertisers and third-party service providers, proposing new models for optimizing user acquisition and retention strategies in the competitive mobile game market.</p>
  100. <p>Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  101. <p>The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  102. <p>This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  103. <p>The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual realms are not just spaces for gaming but also avenues for self-expression and creativity, where players can customize their avatars, design unique outfits, and build virtual homes or kingdoms. The sense of agency and control over one's digital identity adds another layer of fascination to the gaming experience, blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://987673659890-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://430784962575-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://585035423181-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://557437471559-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://946193752355-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://897206361105-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://853918802522-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://807032612443-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://079280776067-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://957100490104-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://465609917836-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://913520215035-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://074084431092-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://093886478820-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://851454951460-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://913023232611-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://368151146281-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://777923915327-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://751023150065-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://179808986778-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?160603479571&amp;url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?996992510590&amp;url=https://naver996992510590-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?398975882843&amp;url=https://naver398975882843-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?191159248838&amp;url=https://naver191159248838-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?199149279076&amp;url=https://naver199149279076-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?654938258363&amp;url=https://naver654938258363-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?297181990904&amp;url=https://naver297181990904-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?822739394797&amp;url=https://naver822739394797-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?613450789507&amp;url=https://naver613450789507-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?696687170343&amp;url=https://naver696687170343-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?283662424779&amp;url=https://naver283662424779-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?758708478146&amp;url=https://naver758708478146-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?854889107574&amp;url=https://naver854889107574-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-717194170941.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-888692388766.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-687435817626.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-043138226186.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-314281859603.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-194856561874.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-707315056575.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-661621931326.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-072160630372.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-878525191254.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-448580188404.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-477505893656.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-265390835683.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-602443990751.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-231506123762.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-846304774029.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-318484517778-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-490766050681-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-168670502441-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/7945361028" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/5413706829">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Exploring Gender Dynamics in Competitive Esports Environments" title="Exploring Gender Dynamics in Competitive Esports Environments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5413706829.mit-edu.top/post/5413706829/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/5413706829">Exploring Gender Dynamics in Competitive Esports Environments</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/5413706829" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Exploring Gender Dynamics in Competitive Esports Environments" title="Exploring Gender Dynamics in Competitive Esports Environments" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/9183647052">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Game Servers in Smart City Environments" title="Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Game Servers in Smart City Environments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9183647052.mit-edu.top/post/9183647052/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/9183647052">Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Game Servers in Smart City Environments</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The rise of e-sports has elevated gaming to a competitive arena, where skill, strategy, and teamwork converge to create spectacles that rival traditional sports. From epic tournaments with massive prize pools to professional leagues with dedicated fan bases, e-sports has become a global phenomenon, showcasing the talent and dedication of gamers worldwide. The adrenaline-fueled battles and nail-biting finishes not only entertain but also inspire a new generation of aspiring gamers and professional athletes.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/9183647052" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Game Servers in Smart City Environments" title="Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Game Servers in Smart City Environments" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Joseph Lee</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/8249516370">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" title="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8249516370.mit-edu.top/post/8249516370/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/8249516370">Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the evolution of game monetization models in mobile games, with a focus on player preferences and developer strategies over time. By examining historical data and trends from the mobile gaming industry, the study identifies key shifts in monetization practices, such as the transition from premium models to free-to-play with in-app purchases (IAP), subscription services, and ad-based monetization. The research also investigates how these shifts have impacted player behavior, including spending habits, game retention, and perceptions of value. Drawing on theories of consumer behavior, the paper discusses the relationship between monetization models and player satisfaction, providing insights into how developers can balance profitability with user experience while maintaining ethical standards.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-308914825267.mit-edu.top/post/8249516370" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" title="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Ryan Morgan</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda