It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts #758744431339 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts #758744431339 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T05:56:45Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ronald Parker" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts #758744431339 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ronald Parker",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T05:56:45Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/758744431339"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "758744431339",
  52.            "abstract": "Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts #758744431339 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ronald Parker",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T05:56:45Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts" title="Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ronald Parker</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ronald Parker for contributing the article "Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts" title="Securing Digital Assets in Mobile Game Economies Through Smart Contracts" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  100. <p>This research examines the concept of psychological flow in the context of mobile game design, focusing on how game mechanics can be optimized to facilitate flow states in players. Drawing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory, the study analyzes the relationship between player skill, game difficulty, and intrinsic motivation in mobile games. The paper explores how factors such as feedback, challenge progression, and control mechanisms can be incorporated into game design to keep players engaged and motivated. It also examines the role of flow in improving long-term player retention and satisfaction, offering design recommendations for developers seeking to create more immersive and rewarding gaming experiences.</p>
  101. <p>This paper investigates the impact of mobile gaming on attention span and cognitive load, particularly in relation to multitasking behaviors and the consumption of digital media. The research examines how the fast-paced, highly interactive nature of mobile games affects cognitive processes such as sustained attention, task-switching, and mental fatigue. Using experimental methods and cognitive psychology theories, the study analyzes how different types of mobile games, from casual games to action-packed shooters, influence players’ ability to focus on tasks and process information. The paper explores the long-term effects of mobile gaming on attention span and offers recommendations for mitigating negative impacts, especially in the context of educational and professional environments.</p>
  102. <p>The evolution of gaming has been a captivating journey through time, spanning from the rudimentary pixelated graphics of early arcade games to the breathtakingly immersive virtual worlds of today's cutting-edge MMORPGs. Over the decades, we've witnessed a remarkable transformation in gaming technology, with advancements in graphics, sound, storytelling, and gameplay mechanics continuously pushing the boundaries of what's possible in interactive entertainment.</p>
  103. <p>This paper investigates the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile gaming, focusing on how players contribute to game design, content creation, and community-driven innovation. By employing theories of participatory design and collaborative creation, the study examines how game developers empower users to create, modify, and share game content such as levels, skins, and in-game items. The research also evaluates the social dynamics and intellectual property challenges associated with UGC, proposing a model for balancing creative freedom with fair compensation and legal protection in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://359971947352-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://749014007466-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://956000245133-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://228064238239-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://640386072782-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://706310643549-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://972796760798-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://496764045677-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://731096984164-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://840810769336-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://830307071281-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://970396771863-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://839873456597-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://305523611651-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://338415798776-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://021781411973-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://345401534485-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://064832434612-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://754852296847-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://900449955439-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?683154430925&amp;url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?154839539674&amp;url=https://naver154839539674-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?679113181407&amp;url=https://naver679113181407-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?841843468942&amp;url=https://naver841843468942-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?806763121042&amp;url=https://naver806763121042-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?351501386470&amp;url=https://naver351501386470-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?717611992578&amp;url=https://naver717611992578-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?881996222482&amp;url=https://naver881996222482-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?610268330001&amp;url=https://naver610268330001-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?290448336535&amp;url=https://naver290448336535-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?258407668785&amp;url=https://naver258407668785-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?529539659703&amp;url=https://naver529539659703-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?547290826766&amp;url=https://naver547290826766-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-432301864717.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-682663927747.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-729406149479.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-555037706062.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-364139912952.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-576414470073.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-744350696100.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-102398645386.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-723821206641.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-710421431670.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-444073656039.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-269824995037.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-281359403900.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-275979895888.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-287781509745.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-695985012500.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-590188906785-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-936901470968-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-560721881999-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/3149806257" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/7460358129">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7460358129.mit-edu.top/post/7460358129/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/7460358129">Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/7460358129" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/4278601539">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="The Influence of Mobile Game Aesthetics on Perceived Player Immersion" title="The Influence of Mobile Game Aesthetics on Perceived Player Immersion" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4278601539.mit-edu.top/post/4278601539/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/4278601539">The Influence of Mobile Game Aesthetics on Perceived Player Immersion</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines how mobile games can enhance players’ psychological empowerment by improving their self-efficacy and confidence through gameplay. The research investigates how game mechanics such as challenges, achievements, and skill development contribute to a player's sense of mastery and competence. Drawing on psychological theories of self-efficacy and motivation, the study explores how mobile games can be designed to provide players with a sense of accomplishment and personal growth, particularly in games that focus on skill-based tasks, puzzles, and strategy. The paper also explores the impact of mobile games on players' overall well-being, particularly in terms of their confidence and ability to overcome challenges in real life.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/4278601539" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="The Influence of Mobile Game Aesthetics on Perceived Player Immersion" title="The Influence of Mobile Game Aesthetics on Perceived Player Immersion" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Timothy Butler</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/8465271930">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8465271930.mit-edu.top/post/8465271930/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/8465271930">Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-3149806257.mit-edu.top/post/8465271930" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Christopher Robinson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda