It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success #228361513508 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success #228361513508 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T12:42:51Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Stephanie Rogers" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success #228361513508 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Stephanie Rogers",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T12:42:51Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/228361513508"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "228361513508",
  52.            "abstract": "Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success #228361513508 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Stephanie Rogers",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T12:42:51Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" title="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Stephanie Rogers</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Stephanie Rogers for contributing the article "Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" title="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  100. <p>The immersive world of gaming beckons players into a realm where fantasy meets reality, where pixels dance to the tune of imagination, and where challenges ignite the spirit of competition. From the sprawling landscapes of open-world adventures to the intricate mazes of puzzle games, every corner of this digital universe invites exploration and discovery. It's a place where players not only seek entertainment but also find solace, inspiration, and a sense of accomplishment as they navigate virtual realms filled with wonder and excitement.</p>
  101. <p>In the labyrinth of quests and adventures, gamers become digital explorers, venturing into uncharted territories and unraveling mysteries that test their wit and resolve. Whether embarking on a daring rescue mission or delving deep into ancient ruins, each quest becomes a personal journey, shaping characters and forging legends that echo through the annals of gaming history. The thrill of overcoming obstacles and the satisfaction of completing objectives fuel the relentless pursuit of new challenges and the quest for gaming excellence.</p>
  102. <p>This paper focuses on the cybersecurity risks associated with mobile games, specifically exploring how game applications collect, store, and share player data. The study examines the security vulnerabilities inherent in mobile gaming platforms, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and exploitation of user information. Drawing on frameworks from cybersecurity research and privacy law, the paper investigates the implications of mobile game data collection on user privacy and the broader implications for digital identity protection. The research also provides policy recommendations for improving the security and privacy protocols in the mobile gaming industry, ensuring that players’ data is adequately protected.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the application of behavioral economics and game theory in understanding consumer behavior within the mobile gaming ecosystem. It explores how concepts such as loss aversion, anchoring bias, and the endowment effect are leveraged by mobile game developers to influence players' in-game spending, decision-making, and engagement. The study also introduces game-theoretic models to analyze the strategic interactions between developers, players, and other stakeholders, such as advertisers and third-party service providers, proposing new models for optimizing user acquisition and retention strategies in the competitive mobile game market.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://890116780935-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://499378943331-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://915398078090-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://668752391238-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://132466667196-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://094803870756-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://986119023269-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://926645255735-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://023198797308-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://201638521296-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://721395807217-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://086717648801-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://664883465694-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://185906604386-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://040820097475-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://821380809399-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://059487092175-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://284922504742-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://833772678626-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://325643161664-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?815280563840&amp;url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?107969502167&amp;url=https://naver107969502167-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?583740222751&amp;url=https://naver583740222751-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?708092102998&amp;url=https://naver708092102998-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?859175834208&amp;url=https://naver859175834208-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?221506677486&amp;url=https://naver221506677486-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?707997872790&amp;url=https://naver707997872790-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?373704637787&amp;url=https://naver373704637787-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?445194864563&amp;url=https://naver445194864563-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?250520667948&amp;url=https://naver250520667948-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?401189924434&amp;url=https://naver401189924434-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?821277503665&amp;url=https://naver821277503665-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?622426267486&amp;url=https://naver622426267486-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-378812394422.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-272548101353.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-089828465246.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-586928156400.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-321467775757.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-594028777379.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-295936968115.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-882367117520.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-408145165658.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-255166655881.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-603456406210.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-837302228845.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-410099269505.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-245877950680.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-903788239249.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-165026641138.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-923082072451-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-275209115628-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-383406299698-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/2796031548" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/3092816754">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Analyzing the Representation of Gender and Diversity in Mobile Game Characters" title="Analyzing the Representation of Gender and Diversity in Mobile Game Characters" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3092816754.gifthub.news/post/3092816754/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/3092816754">Analyzing the Representation of Gender and Diversity in Mobile Game Characters</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research examines the role of mobile games in fostering virtual empathy, analyzing how game narratives, character design, and player interactions contribute to emotional understanding and compassion. By applying theories of empathy and emotion, the study explores how players engage with in-game characters and scenarios that evoke emotional responses, such as moral dilemmas or relationship-building. The paper investigates the psychological effects of empathetic experiences within mobile games, considering the potential benefits for social learning and emotional intelligence. It also addresses the ethical concerns surrounding the manipulation of emotions in games, particularly in relation to vulnerable populations and sensitive topics.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/3092816754" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Analyzing the Representation of Gender and Diversity in Mobile Game Characters" title="Analyzing the Representation of Gender and Diversity in Mobile Game Characters" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Alexander Ward</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/0629853417">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" title="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0629853417.gifthub.news/post/0629853417/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/0629853417">Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Game developers are the architects of dreams, weaving intricate codes and visual marvels to craft worlds that inspire awe and ignite passion among players. Behind every pixel and line of code lies a creative vision, a dedication to excellence, and a commitment to delivering memorable experiences. The collaboration between artists, programmers, and storytellers gives rise to masterpieces that captivate the imagination and set new standards for innovation in the gaming industry.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/0629853417" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" title="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Peter Butler</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/5249031786">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Cybersecurity Challenges in Decentralized Gaming Ecosystems" title="Cybersecurity Challenges in Decentralized Gaming Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5249031786.gifthub.news/post/5249031786/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/5249031786">Cybersecurity Challenges in Decentralized Gaming Ecosystems</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the use of gamification techniques in mobile learning applications, focusing on how game-like elements such as scoring, badges, and leaderboards influence user engagement and motivation. It assesses the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly in educational apps targeting children and young adults. The paper also addresses challenges in designing gamified systems that balance educational value with entertainment.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-367752796375.gifthub.news/post/5249031786" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Cybersecurity Challenges in Decentralized Gaming Ecosystems" title="Cybersecurity Challenges in Decentralized Gaming Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda