It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses #177010034802 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses #177010034802 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T00:47:32Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Shirley Ramirez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses #177010034802 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T00:47:32Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/177010034802"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "177010034802",
  52.            "abstract": "The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses #177010034802 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T00:47:32Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses" title="The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Shirley Ramirez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Shirley Ramirez for contributing the article "The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses" title="The Economics of Virtual Land Ownership in Mobile Gaming Metaverses" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study explores the evolution of virtual economies within mobile games, focusing on the integration of digital currency and blockchain technology. It analyzes how virtual economies are structured in mobile games, including the use of in-game currencies, tradeable assets, and microtransactions. The paper also investigates the potential of blockchain technology to provide decentralized, secure, and transparent virtual economies, examining its impact on player ownership, digital asset exchange, and the creation of new revenue models for developers and players alike.</p>
  100. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  101. <p>This study applies neuromarketing techniques to analyze how mobile gaming companies assess and influence player preferences, focusing on cognitive and emotional responses to in-game stimuli. By using neuroimaging, eye-tracking, and biometric sensors, the research provides insights into how game mechanics such as reward systems, narrative engagement, and visual design elements affect players’ neurological responses. The paper explores the implications of these findings for mobile game developers, with a particular emphasis on optimizing player engagement, retention, and monetization strategies through the application of neuroscientific principles.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the challenges and opportunities associated with cross-platform play in mobile games, where players can interact with others across different gaming devices, such as consoles, PCs, and smartphones. The research examines the technical, social, and business challenges of integrating cross-platform functionality, including issues related to server synchronization, input compatibility, and player matching. The paper also investigates how cross-platform play influences player engagement, community building, and game longevity, as well as the potential for cross-platform competitions and esports. Drawing on user experience research and platform integration strategies, the study provides recommendations for developers looking to implement cross-platform play in a way that enhances player experiences and extends the lifecycle of mobile games.</p>
  103. <p>This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://097022649327-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://830469623391-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://772812321123-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://488420114260-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://123563741023-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://265488726569-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://680006128584-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://858961287825-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://608365233244-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://956814300296-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://325018678505-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://038463858530-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://060080722233-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://191051555491-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://786630636745-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://718041451566-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://711261349903-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://977641213028-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://163210982018-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://242243541205-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?437739556987&amp;url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?976187002226&amp;url=https://naver976187002226-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?681712355039&amp;url=https://naver681712355039-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?084682479197&amp;url=https://naver084682479197-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898121889961&amp;url=https://naver898121889961-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?197700608077&amp;url=https://naver197700608077-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?314324013826&amp;url=https://naver314324013826-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?914900020790&amp;url=https://naver914900020790-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?860768400832&amp;url=https://naver860768400832-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?344627228729&amp;url=https://naver344627228729-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?831801987964&amp;url=https://naver831801987964-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?804898122585&amp;url=https://naver804898122585-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?317299172363&amp;url=https://naver317299172363-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-452258639118.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-920189610430.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-457784139454.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-218239022041.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-013166102880.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-293238760583.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-586891992208.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-919107236560.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-437495844533.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-633864756676.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-490157190840.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-425878241527.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-003670310425.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-144129272750.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-574737447704.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-835888492915.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-832007055529-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-273954448036-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-875067550750-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/2685074391" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/7416908325">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Cross-Market Revenue Optimization in Globally Distributed Mobile Games" title="Cross-Market Revenue Optimization in Globally Distributed Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7416908325.mit-edu.top/post/7416908325/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/7416908325">Cross-Market Revenue Optimization in Globally Distributed Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper focuses on the cybersecurity risks associated with mobile games, specifically exploring how game applications collect, store, and share player data. The study examines the security vulnerabilities inherent in mobile gaming platforms, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and exploitation of user information. Drawing on frameworks from cybersecurity research and privacy law, the paper investigates the implications of mobile game data collection on user privacy and the broader implications for digital identity protection. The research also provides policy recommendations for improving the security and privacy protocols in the mobile gaming industry, ensuring that players’ data is adequately protected.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/7416908325" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Cross-Market Revenue Optimization in Globally Distributed Mobile Games" title="Cross-Market Revenue Optimization in Globally Distributed Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Peter Butler</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/7985143062">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" title="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7985143062.mit-edu.top/post/7985143062/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/7985143062">Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/7985143062" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" title="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Dennis Torres</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/4968530721">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Game Localization Strategies for Cross-Cultural Market Penetration" title="Game Localization Strategies for Cross-Cultural Market Penetration" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4968530721.mit-edu.top/post/4968530721/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/4968530721">Game Localization Strategies for Cross-Cultural Market Penetration</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the potential of mobile games to serve as therapeutic tools in the treatment of mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It examines how game mechanics and immersive environments can be used to provide psychological relief, improve emotional regulation, and facilitate cognitive-behavioral therapy. The study discusses challenges in integrating therapeutic design with traditional game elements and offers recommendations for the development of clinically effective mobile health games.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-380166560032.mit-edu.top/post/4968530721" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Game Localization Strategies for Cross-Cultural Market Penetration" title="Game Localization Strategies for Cross-Cultural Market Penetration" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Shirley Ramirez</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda