It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games #488806535179 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games #488806535179 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T02:35:37Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ashley Adams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games #488806535179 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ashley Adams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T02:35:37Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/488806535179"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "488806535179",
  52.            "abstract": "Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games #488806535179 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ashley Adams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T02:35:37Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" title="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ashley Adams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ashley Adams for contributing the article "Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" title="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper provides a comparative analysis of the various monetization strategies employed in mobile games, focusing on in-app purchases (IAP) and advertising revenue models. The research investigates the economic impact of these models on both developers and players, examining their effectiveness in generating sustainable revenue while maintaining player satisfaction. Drawing on marketing theory, behavioral economics, and user experience research, the study evaluates the trade-offs between IAPs, ad placements, and player retention. The paper also explores the ethical concerns surrounding monetization practices, particularly regarding player exploitation, pay-to-win mechanics, and the impact on children and vulnerable audiences.</p>
  100. <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  101. <p>This paper examines how mobile games can enhance players’ psychological empowerment by improving their self-efficacy and confidence through gameplay. The research investigates how game mechanics such as challenges, achievements, and skill development contribute to a player's sense of mastery and competence. Drawing on psychological theories of self-efficacy and motivation, the study explores how mobile games can be designed to provide players with a sense of accomplishment and personal growth, particularly in games that focus on skill-based tasks, puzzles, and strategy. The paper also explores the impact of mobile games on players' overall well-being, particularly in terms of their confidence and ability to overcome challenges in real life.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  103. <p>The intricate game mechanics of modern titles challenge players on multiple levels. From mastering complex skill trees and managing in-game economies to coordinating with teammates in high-stakes raids, players must think critically, adapt quickly, and collaborate effectively to achieve victory. These challenges not only test cognitive abilities but also foster valuable skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and resilience, making gaming not just an entertaining pastime but also a platform for personal growth and development.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://850803811515-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://742923628536-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://143215890880-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://272324899081-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://453306921243-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://733821948170-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://669567613043-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://735960243535-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://720547603660-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://332636010507-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://532995567522-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://382749882056-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://757818572871-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://328180329604-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://582898464256-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://103391424232-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://375235683972-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://719244855294-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://337760007521-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://090487668682-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?078697021798&amp;url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898651750799&amp;url=https://naver898651750799-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?465334631500&amp;url=https://naver465334631500-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?203383273048&amp;url=https://naver203383273048-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?114294141784&amp;url=https://naver114294141784-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?248398429867&amp;url=https://naver248398429867-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?185599411830&amp;url=https://naver185599411830-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?255433858698&amp;url=https://naver255433858698-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?441327146695&amp;url=https://naver441327146695-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?546720756390&amp;url=https://naver546720756390-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?785545499531&amp;url=https://naver785545499531-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?346916570143&amp;url=https://naver346916570143-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?229958937592&amp;url=https://naver229958937592-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-031994029720.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-378392615511.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-404253467556.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-069931068807.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-179630781207.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-543309005909.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-115906713787.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-865085749170.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-170671582182.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-864232928427.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-001028036193.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-252570856270.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-562315115218.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-111721156304.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-489106153494.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-005637448521.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-736476814725-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-441790291864-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-509361435172-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6218457093" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/9362014758">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" title="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9362014758.gifthub.news/post/9362014758/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/9362014758">Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming communities thrive in digital spaces, bustling forums, social media hubs, and streaming platforms where players converge to share strategies, discuss game lore, showcase fan art, and forge connections with fellow enthusiasts. These vibrant communities serve as hubs of creativity, camaraderie, and collective celebration of all things gaming-related.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/9362014758" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" title="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Frank James</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6802153794">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Advancements in Touch Screen Technology for Enhanced Gaming Experience" title="Advancements in Touch Screen Technology for Enhanced Gaming Experience" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6802153794.gifthub.news/post/6802153794/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6802153794">Advancements in Touch Screen Technology for Enhanced Gaming Experience</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile gaming, focusing on how players contribute to game design, content creation, and community-driven innovation. By employing theories of participatory design and collaborative creation, the study examines how game developers empower users to create, modify, and share game content such as levels, skins, and in-game items. The research also evaluates the social dynamics and intellectual property challenges associated with UGC, proposing a model for balancing creative freedom with fair compensation and legal protection in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/6802153794" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Advancements in Touch Screen Technology for Enhanced Gaming Experience" title="Advancements in Touch Screen Technology for Enhanced Gaming Experience" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jason Morris</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/2457813096">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Behavioral Insights into Player Adaptation to AI-Generated Content" title="Behavioral Insights into Player Adaptation to AI-Generated Content" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2457813096.gifthub.news/post/2457813096/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/2457813096">Behavioral Insights into Player Adaptation to AI-Generated Content</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-391187539344.gifthub.news/post/2457813096" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Behavioral Insights into Player Adaptation to AI-Generated Content" title="Behavioral Insights into Player Adaptation to AI-Generated Content" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Kathy Peterson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda