It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization #798329534734 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization #798329534734 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T10:34:10Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Donna Perez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization #798329534734 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:34:10Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/798329534734"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "798329534734",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization #798329534734 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:34:10Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization" title="The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Donna Perez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Donna Perez for contributing the article "The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization" title="The Impact of Decentralized Governance Models on Game Monetization" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper presents a sociocultural analysis of the representation of gender, race, and identity in mobile games. It explores how mobile games construct social identities through character design, narrative framing, and player interaction. The research examines the ways in which game developers can either reinforce or challenge societal stereotypes and cultural norms, with a particular focus on gender dynamics in both player avatars and character roles. Drawing on critical theories of representation, postcolonial studies, and feminist media studies, the study explores the implications of these representations for player self-perception and broader societal trends related to gender equality and diversity.</p>
  100. <p>This study applies social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the role of social influence and network dynamics in mobile gaming communities. It examines how social relationships, information flow, and peer-to-peer interactions within these communities shape player behavior, preferences, and engagement patterns. The research builds upon social learning theory and network theory to model the spread of gaming behaviors, including game adoption, in-game purchases, and the sharing of strategies and achievements. The study also explores how mobile games leverage social influence mechanisms, such as multiplayer collaboration and social rewards, to enhance player retention and lifetime value.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the economic implications of in-game microtransactions within mobile games, focusing on their effects on user behavior and virtual market dynamics. The research investigates how the implementation of microtransactions, including loot boxes, subscriptions, and cosmetic purchases, influences player engagement, game retention, and overall spending patterns. By drawing on theories of consumer behavior, behavioral economics, and market structure, the paper analyzes how mobile game developers create virtual economies that mimic real-world market forces. Additionally, the paper discusses the ethical implications of microtransactions, particularly in terms of player manipulation, gambling-like mechanics, and the impact on younger audiences.</p>
  102. <p>The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://549531245130-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://536188135197-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://681044199142-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://277890843462-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://385895563767-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://277181319098-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://183439668258-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://704180907615-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://857766675928-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://994719590909-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://009771357033-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://790292182663-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://623624524501-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://737441721850-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://069225688050-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://413973147882-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://964040156089-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://648454596883-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://297086282786-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://791409464319-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?869458788586&amp;url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?214483162313&amp;url=https://naver214483162313-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?369890877723&amp;url=https://naver369890877723-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?691450071520&amp;url=https://naver691450071520-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?846188414404&amp;url=https://naver846188414404-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?582364624860&amp;url=https://naver582364624860-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?877930025633&amp;url=https://naver877930025633-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?585035484611&amp;url=https://naver585035484611-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?184561548342&amp;url=https://naver184561548342-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?444918276870&amp;url=https://naver444918276870-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?418880098455&amp;url=https://naver418880098455-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?510454699081&amp;url=https://naver510454699081-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?918695637525&amp;url=https://naver918695637525-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-525471922967.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-436445536495.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-959701264801.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-904100944598.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-051790395266.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-492872073483.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-588937742822.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-951478128315.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-612961220113.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-998181476624.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-436268830126.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-359370760678.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-725387821457.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-231353989826.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-992950822361.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-144299023158.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-557549149434-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-427754878207-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-200625581235-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/4091375682" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/0261843597">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Decoding Cultural Archetypes in Cross-National Game Narratives" title="Decoding Cultural Archetypes in Cross-National Game Narratives" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0261843597.mit-edu.top/post/0261843597/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/0261843597">Decoding Cultural Archetypes in Cross-National Game Narratives</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the economic systems within mobile games, focusing on the development of virtual economies, marketplaces, and the integration of real-world currencies in digital spaces. The research explores how mobile games have created virtual goods markets, where players can buy, sell, and trade in-game assets for real money. By applying economic theories related to virtual currencies, supply and demand, and market regulation, the paper analyzes the implications of these digital economies for the gaming industry and broader digital commerce. The study also addresses the ethical considerations of monetization models, such as microtransactions, loot boxes, and the implications for player welfare.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/0261843597" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Decoding Cultural Archetypes in Cross-National Game Narratives" title="Decoding Cultural Archetypes in Cross-National Game Narratives" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Gloria Bryant</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/7548906123">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" title="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7548906123.mit-edu.top/post/7548906123/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/7548906123">Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of mobile games, focusing on how AI enables adaptive game mechanics that adjust to a player’s behavior. The research explores how machine learning algorithms personalize game difficulty, enhance NPC interactions, and create procedurally generated content. It also addresses challenges in ensuring that AI-driven systems maintain fairness and avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/7548906123" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" title="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Evelyn Griffin</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/0971563482">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Dynamic Demand Forecasting in Virtual Economies Using Predictive AI Models" title="Dynamic Demand Forecasting in Virtual Economies Using Predictive AI Models" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0971563482.mit-edu.top/post/0971563482/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/0971563482">Dynamic Demand Forecasting in Virtual Economies Using Predictive AI Models</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-4091375682.mit-edu.top/post/0971563482" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Dynamic Demand Forecasting in Virtual Economies Using Predictive AI Models" title="Dynamic Demand Forecasting in Virtual Economies Using Predictive AI Models" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Katherine Foster</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda