It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games #702094588347 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games #702094588347 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T05:57:15Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Brandon Barnes" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games #702094588347 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Brandon Barnes",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T05:57:15Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/702094588347"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "702094588347",
  52.            "abstract": "Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games #702094588347 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Brandon Barnes",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T05:57:15Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Brandon Barnes</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Brandon Barnes for contributing the article "Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The symphony of gaming unfolds in a crescendo of controller clicks, keyboard clacks, and the occasional victorious shout that pierces through the virtual silence, marking triumphs and milestones in the digital realm. Every input, every action taken by players contributes to the immersive experience of gaming, creating a symphony of sights, sounds, and emotions that transport them to fantastical realms and engaging adventures. Whether exploring serene landscapes, engaging in intense combat, or unraveling compelling narratives, the interactive nature of gaming fosters a deep sense of engagement and immersion, making each gaming session a memorable journey.</p>
  100. <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the rise of cross-platform mobile gaming, where players can access the same game on multiple devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and PCs. It analyzes the technologies that enable seamless cross-platform play, including cloud synchronization and platform-agnostic development tools. The research also evaluates how cross-platform compatibility enhances user experience, providing greater flexibility and reducing barriers to entry for players.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://212232740669-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://938329285217-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://400443565798-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://072039032865-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://794316056000-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://457937844158-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://051337916348-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://944654790493-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://188693498532-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://324058853229-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://799749167026-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://366229551957-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://843275144129-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://045747474006-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://051157932259-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://874387291765-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://513914529744-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://538764752280-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://919096648049-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://402376839616-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?181300401410&amp;url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?175979929157&amp;url=https://naver175979929157-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?741712321562&amp;url=https://naver741712321562-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?502643751249&amp;url=https://naver502643751249-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?241257021103&amp;url=https://naver241257021103-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?335582742017&amp;url=https://naver335582742017-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?483517531667&amp;url=https://naver483517531667-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?460670913562&amp;url=https://naver460670913562-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?747948796057&amp;url=https://naver747948796057-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?701978714772&amp;url=https://naver701978714772-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?773120495190&amp;url=https://naver773120495190-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?969564344542&amp;url=https://naver969564344542-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?313891068470&amp;url=https://naver313891068470-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-520030026973.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-317872013492.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-609457509612.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-614212654331.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-542992253198.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-859710082413.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-778102367566.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-881101086968.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-076227694515.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-741508186206.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-315002810432.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-101652137387.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-196827568178.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-450403614789.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-092820640223.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-970797633773.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-135513422605-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-760892290279-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-042310723275-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/6140593872" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/4315709862">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Wearable-Integrated Game Mechanics for Real-Time Biometric Interaction" title="Wearable-Integrated Game Mechanics for Real-Time Biometric Interaction" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4315709862.mit-edu.top/post/4315709862/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/4315709862">Wearable-Integrated Game Mechanics for Real-Time Biometric Interaction</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/4315709862" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Wearable-Integrated Game Mechanics for Real-Time Biometric Interaction" title="Wearable-Integrated Game Mechanics for Real-Time Biometric Interaction" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Kenneth Nelson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/4726598013">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" title="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4726598013.mit-edu.top/post/4726598013/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/4726598013">Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/4726598013" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" title="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Martha Perry</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/8920741356">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" title="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8920741356.mit-edu.top/post/8920741356/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/8920741356">Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual realms are not just spaces for gaming but also avenues for self-expression and creativity, where players can customize their avatars, design unique outfits, and build virtual homes or kingdoms. The sense of agency and control over one's digital identity adds another layer of fascination to the gaming experience, blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-419194160163.mit-edu.top/post/8920741356" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" title="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Karen Harris</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda