It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games #206682931232 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games #206682931232 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T06:09:34Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Brenda Watson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games #206682931232 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Brenda Watson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T06:09:34Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/206682931232"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "206682931232",
  52.            "abstract": "Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games #206682931232 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Brenda Watson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T06:09:34Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" title="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Brenda Watson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Brenda Watson for contributing the article "Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" title="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the ethical implications of loot boxes in mobile games, with a particular focus on their psychological impact and potential to foster gambling behavior. It provides a legal analysis of how various jurisdictions have approached the regulation of loot boxes and explores the implications of their inclusion in games targeted at minors. The paper discusses potential reforms and alternatives to loot boxes in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  100. <p>This study analyzes the psychological effects of competitive mechanics in mobile games, focusing on how competition influences player motivation, achievement, and social interaction. The research examines how competitive elements, such as leaderboards, tournaments, and player-vs-player (PvP) modes, drive player engagement and foster a sense of accomplishment. Drawing on motivation theory, social comparison theory, and achievement goal theory, the paper explores how different types of competition—intrinsic vs. extrinsic, cooperative vs. adversarial—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The study also investigates the potential negative effects of competitive play, such as stress, frustration, and toxic behavior, offering recommendations for designing healthy, fair, and inclusive competitive environments in mobile games.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the legal and ethical considerations surrounding data collection and user tracking in mobile games. The research examines how mobile game developers collect, store, and utilize player data, including behavioral data, location information, and in-app purchases, to enhance gameplay and monetization strategies. Drawing on data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the study explores the compliance challenges that mobile game developers face and the ethical implications of player data usage. The paper provides a critical analysis of how developers can balance the need for data with respect for user privacy, offering guidelines for transparent data practices and ethical data management in mobile game development.</p>
  103. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://182871208196-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://983030198582-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://776811020318-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://438348037340-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://350108485176-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://289210164998-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://802537672683-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://431049777798-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://814214194457-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://114483737941-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://818598479890-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://210655477915-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://389073165924-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://862742873849-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://396187716613-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://030522018393-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://571855894403-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://274836249202-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://403342799885-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://364814131615-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?239169310644&amp;url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?924902449821&amp;url=https://naver924902449821-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?234406020936&amp;url=https://naver234406020936-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?978043535025&amp;url=https://naver978043535025-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?379252485826&amp;url=https://naver379252485826-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?528621329133&amp;url=https://naver528621329133-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?496999536562&amp;url=https://naver496999536562-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?700393946709&amp;url=https://naver700393946709-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?932855295895&amp;url=https://naver932855295895-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?858504774813&amp;url=https://naver858504774813-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?108779773968&amp;url=https://naver108779773968-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?588078654404&amp;url=https://naver588078654404-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?982363783651&amp;url=https://naver982363783651-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-539825773580.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-445896385521.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-999255418391.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-868127272852.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-480042132168.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-609548625548.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-375550709803.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-116332103057.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-920574312977.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-057937249982.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-292508200358.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-899086781475.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-209208528778.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-608734513522.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-290348879899.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-642420380264.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-726078398332-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-220119183336-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-465591963671-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/1384057962" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/3258194760">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" title="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3258194760.gifthub.news/post/3258194760/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/3258194760">The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/3258194760" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" title="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Edward Roberts</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/2460159378">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Modeling Player Cognitive States Using Multimodal Data Fusion Techniques" title="Modeling Player Cognitive States Using Multimodal Data Fusion Techniques" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2460159378.gifthub.news/post/2460159378/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/2460159378">Modeling Player Cognitive States Using Multimodal Data Fusion Techniques</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/2460159378" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Modeling Player Cognitive States Using Multimodal Data Fusion Techniques" title="Modeling Player Cognitive States Using Multimodal Data Fusion Techniques" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Anthony Edwards</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/5897406321">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" title="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5897406321.gifthub.news/post/5897406321/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/5897406321">Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-457880514481.gifthub.news/post/5897406321" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" title="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Joshua Gray</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda