It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games #357847806613 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games #357847806613 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T10:01:20Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Doris Patterson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games #357847806613 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Doris Patterson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T10:01:20Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/357847806613"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "357847806613",
  52.            "abstract": "Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games #357847806613 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Doris Patterson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T10:01:20Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games" title="Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Doris Patterson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Doris Patterson for contributing the article "Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games" title="Using Biofeedback to Enhance Immersive Learning in Serious Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  100. <p>Game developers are the architects of dreams, weaving intricate codes and visual marvels to craft worlds that inspire awe and ignite passion among players. Behind every pixel and line of code lies a creative vision, a dedication to excellence, and a commitment to delivering memorable experiences. The collaboration between artists, programmers, and storytellers gives rise to masterpieces that captivate the imagination and set new standards for innovation in the gaming industry.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the economic systems within mobile games, focusing on the development of virtual economies, marketplaces, and the integration of real-world currencies in digital spaces. The research explores how mobile games have created virtual goods markets, where players can buy, sell, and trade in-game assets for real money. By applying economic theories related to virtual currencies, supply and demand, and market regulation, the paper analyzes the implications of these digital economies for the gaming industry and broader digital commerce. The study also addresses the ethical considerations of monetization models, such as microtransactions, loot boxes, and the implications for player welfare.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperation and competition in multiplayer mobile games, focusing on how these social dynamics shape player behavior, engagement, and satisfaction. The research examines how mobile games design cooperative gameplay elements, such as team-based challenges, shared objectives, and resource sharing, alongside competitive mechanics like leaderboards, rankings, and player-vs-player modes. The study explores the psychological effects of cooperation and competition, drawing on theories of social interaction, motivation, and group dynamics. It also discusses the implications of collaborative play for building player communities, fostering social connections, and enhancing overall player enjoyment.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://574211558460-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://879431367892-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://797966923344-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://590347324378-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://514294464151-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://853197647671-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://414842793113-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://669085160589-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://244012253648-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://928240507515-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://032081016517-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://733108000835-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://895546150458-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://569121905315-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://115209788342-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://057093850872-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://962494016646-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://524358654464-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://759837133473-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://885549102637-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?503940415408&amp;url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?112459848392&amp;url=https://naver112459848392-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?303577327721&amp;url=https://naver303577327721-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?763203115360&amp;url=https://naver763203115360-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?354193424781&amp;url=https://naver354193424781-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?414286363784&amp;url=https://naver414286363784-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?096633668177&amp;url=https://naver096633668177-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?420808040469&amp;url=https://naver420808040469-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?105574084647&amp;url=https://naver105574084647-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?013821674664&amp;url=https://naver013821674664-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?569615526184&amp;url=https://naver569615526184-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?582957759141&amp;url=https://naver582957759141-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?308774131192&amp;url=https://naver308774131192-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-655373731036.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-802716956724.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-247357523050.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-334547227409.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-094777191927.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-679085029483.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-206056966433.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-252344112121.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-633681901607.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-203847262407.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-919231394652.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-753913744039.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-755996798611.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-841307682984.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-358751637237.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-906877062192.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-861150695561-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-635468159737-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-533753049265-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/1370924586" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/5019673482">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Optimizing Memory Allocation in Mobile Game Engines Using AI Algorithms" title="Optimizing Memory Allocation in Mobile Game Engines Using AI Algorithms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5019673482.mit-edu.top/post/5019673482/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/5019673482">Optimizing Memory Allocation in Mobile Game Engines Using AI Algorithms</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/5019673482" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Optimizing Memory Allocation in Mobile Game Engines Using AI Algorithms" title="Optimizing Memory Allocation in Mobile Game Engines Using AI Algorithms" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Angela Cooper</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/4712530689">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Mitigating Cyberbullying in Multiplayer Game Communities Through AI Moderation" title="Mitigating Cyberbullying in Multiplayer Game Communities Through AI Moderation" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4712530689.mit-edu.top/post/4712530689/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/4712530689">Mitigating Cyberbullying in Multiplayer Game Communities Through AI Moderation</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/4712530689" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Mitigating Cyberbullying in Multiplayer Game Communities Through AI Moderation" title="Mitigating Cyberbullying in Multiplayer Game Communities Through AI Moderation" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/9604578213">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" title="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9604578213.mit-edu.top/post/9604578213/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/9604578213">Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-464966454939.mit-edu.top/post/9604578213" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" title="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Dorothy King</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda