It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #916833807616 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #916833807616 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T10:59:31Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Timothy Butler" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #916833807616 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Timothy Butler",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T10:59:31Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/916833807616"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "916833807616",
  52.            "abstract": "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #916833807616 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Timothy Butler",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T10:59:31Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" title="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Timothy Butler</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Timothy Butler for contributing the article "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" title="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  101. <p>This research examines the convergence of mobile gaming and virtual reality (VR), with a focus on how VR technologies are integrated into mobile game design to enhance immersion and interactivity. The study investigates the challenges and opportunities presented by VR in mobile gaming, including hardware limitations, motion sickness, and the development of intuitive user interfaces. By exploring both theoretical frameworks of immersion and empirical case studies, the paper analyzes how VR in mobile games can facilitate new forms of player interaction, narrative exploration, and experiential storytelling, while also considering the potential psychological impacts of long-term VR engagement.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  103. <p>In the labyrinth of quests and adventures, gamers become digital explorers, venturing into uncharted territories and unraveling mysteries that test their wit and resolve. Whether embarking on a daring rescue mission or delving deep into ancient ruins, each quest becomes a personal journey, shaping characters and forging legends that echo through the annals of gaming history. The thrill of overcoming obstacles and the satisfaction of completing objectives fuel the relentless pursuit of new challenges and the quest for gaming excellence.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://595892555301-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://562962941614-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://815232691270-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://526067113410-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://714876368881-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://151388331047-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://759100171669-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://295184299327-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://261475141161-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://279436466074-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://404447264311-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://836042279113-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://859456907341-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://168599682386-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://503525810856-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://556290306166-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://034363924376-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://867943698227-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://358074687114-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://516944630435-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?795627453260&amp;url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?729440901596&amp;url=https://naver729440901596-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?959003673145&amp;url=https://naver959003673145-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?981217380234&amp;url=https://naver981217380234-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?325484080080&amp;url=https://naver325484080080-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?348663252383&amp;url=https://naver348663252383-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?021055588126&amp;url=https://naver021055588126-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?534632777633&amp;url=https://naver534632777633-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?969198500715&amp;url=https://naver969198500715-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?274086740103&amp;url=https://naver274086740103-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?480244640560&amp;url=https://naver480244640560-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?310481009417&amp;url=https://naver310481009417-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?181102540665&amp;url=https://naver181102540665-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-029185226264.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-475317035256.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-400577089998.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-410147584126.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-830455106153.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-851850692707.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-465988572528.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-138754039124.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-294465102701.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-658811624599.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-903915434981.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-401772847729.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-892242242634.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-287775825003.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-287050949273.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-497761189957.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-430040469174-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-279196546312-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-431426270275-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/7496120358" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/8179502643">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" title="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8179502643.mit-edu.top/post/8179502643/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/8179502643">Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/8179502643" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" title="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Doris Patterson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/1257093864">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" title="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1257093864.mit-edu.top/post/1257093864/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/1257093864">Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the ethical, psychological, and economic impacts of virtual item purchases in free-to-play mobile games. The study explores how microtransactions and virtual goods, such as skins, power-ups, and loot boxes, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on consumer behavior theory, economic models, and psychological studies of behavior change, the paper examines the role of virtual goods in creating addictive spending patterns, particularly among vulnerable populations such as minors or players with compulsive tendencies. The research also discusses the ethical implications of monetizing gameplay through virtual goods and provides recommendations for developers to create fairer and more transparent in-game purchase systems.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/1257093864" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" title="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/5208934671">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Generative Design Systems for Personalized Level Creation in Mobile Games" title="Generative Design Systems for Personalized Level Creation in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5208934671.mit-edu.top/post/5208934671/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/5208934671">Generative Design Systems for Personalized Level Creation in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-476372060046.mit-edu.top/post/5208934671" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Generative Design Systems for Personalized Level Creation in Mobile Games" title="Generative Design Systems for Personalized Level Creation in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Dorothy King</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda