It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #795652466972 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #795652466972 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T02:48:07Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Anna Ross" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #795652466972 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Anna Ross",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T02:48:07Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/795652466972"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "795652466972",
  52.            "abstract": "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking #795652466972 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Anna Ross",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T02:48:07Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" title="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Anna Ross</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Anna Ross for contributing the article "Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" title="Mobile Games as Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Computational Thinking" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores how storytelling elements in mobile games influence player engagement and emotional investment. It examines the psychological mechanisms that make narrative-driven games compelling, focusing on immersion, empathy, and character development. The study also assesses how mobile game developers can use narrative structures to enhance long-term player retention and satisfaction.</p>
  100. <p>This paper examines the potential of augmented reality (AR) in educational mobile games, focusing on how AR can be used to create interactive learning experiences that enhance knowledge retention and student engagement. The research investigates how AR technology can overlay digital content onto the physical world to provide immersive learning environments that foster experiential learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Drawing on educational psychology and AR development, the paper explores the advantages and challenges of incorporating AR into mobile games for educational purposes. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of AR-based learning tools compared to traditional educational methods and provides recommendations for integrating AR into mobile games to promote deeper learning outcomes.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines the impact of cognitive load on player performance and enjoyment in mobile games, particularly those with complex gameplay mechanics. The research investigates how different levels of complexity, such as multitasking, resource management, and strategic decision-making, influence players' cognitive processes and emotional responses. Drawing on cognitive load theory and flow theory, the paper explores how game designers can optimize the balance between challenge and skill to enhance player engagement and enjoyment. The study also evaluates how players' cognitive load varies with game genre, such as puzzle games, action games, and role-playing games, providing recommendations for designing games that promote optimal cognitive engagement.</p>
  103. <p>Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://966062423916-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://472213151881-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://165279266972-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://115407154375-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://681879986413-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://349036357898-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://503041619797-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://695347681685-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://210090950365-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://426406175709-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://467626257267-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://252389832572-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://199769716589-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://105821557886-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://779037246122-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://194842862345-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://500289967860-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://695207527912-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://198432983911-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://908695654185-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?938629849682&amp;url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?971272463223&amp;url=https://naver971272463223-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?899217700562&amp;url=https://naver899217700562-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?456415612749&amp;url=https://naver456415612749-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?086419799710&amp;url=https://naver086419799710-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?490447792434&amp;url=https://naver490447792434-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?905189188839&amp;url=https://naver905189188839-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?719681720775&amp;url=https://naver719681720775-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?445689189607&amp;url=https://naver445689189607-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?626409480359&amp;url=https://naver626409480359-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?421508043512&amp;url=https://naver421508043512-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?420490162803&amp;url=https://naver420490162803-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?851996849999&amp;url=https://naver851996849999-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-803265408557.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-573854230329.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-014904894210.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-761616373759.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-273216217618.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-097529605766.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-404870708029.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-651412222984.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-945411162540.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-520333308440.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-763961455997.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-113378330473.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-704558624920.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-065665477814.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-648795065420.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-383775881447.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-085766231000-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-616269297674-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-153307106683-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/7490158623" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/2051847693">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="The Economics of Rarity: Investigating the Impact of Scarce Digital Items in Mobile Games" title="The Economics of Rarity: Investigating the Impact of Scarce Digital Items in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2051847693.mit-edu.top/post/2051847693/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/2051847693">The Economics of Rarity: Investigating the Impact of Scarce Digital Items in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/2051847693" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="The Economics of Rarity: Investigating the Impact of Scarce Digital Items in Mobile Games" title="The Economics of Rarity: Investigating the Impact of Scarce Digital Items in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/8104296573">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8104296573.mit-edu.top/post/8104296573/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/8104296573">Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The intricate game mechanics of modern titles challenge players on multiple levels. From mastering complex skill trees and managing in-game economies to coordinating with teammates in high-stakes raids, players must think critically, adapt quickly, and collaborate effectively to achieve victory. These challenges not only test cognitive abilities but also foster valuable skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and resilience, making gaming not just an entertaining pastime but also a platform for personal growth and development.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/8104296573" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Susan Thomas</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/2379865104">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Mobile Games and Political Ideologies: Analyzing Subtext in Game Narratives" title="The Intersection of Mobile Games and Political Ideologies: Analyzing Subtext in Game Narratives" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2379865104.mit-edu.top/post/2379865104/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/2379865104">The Intersection of Mobile Games and Political Ideologies: Analyzing Subtext in Game Narratives</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-479587364716.mit-edu.top/post/2379865104" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Mobile Games and Political Ideologies: Analyzing Subtext in Game Narratives" title="The Intersection of Mobile Games and Political Ideologies: Analyzing Subtext in Game Narratives" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Deborah Sanchez</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda