It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #319951095350 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #319951095350 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T06:47:15Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Rebecca Cook" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #319951095350 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Rebecca Cook",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:47:15Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/319951095350"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "319951095350",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior #319951095350 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Rebecca Cook",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:47:15Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Rebecca Cook</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Rebecca Cook for contributing the article "The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores the evolution of user interface (UI) design in mobile games, with a focus on how innovative UI elements influence player engagement, immersion, and retention. The study investigates how changes in interface design, such as touch gestures, visual feedback, and adaptive layouts, impact the user experience and contribute to the overall success of a game. Drawing on theories of cognitive load, human-computer interaction (HCI), and usability testing, the paper examines the relationship between UI design and player satisfaction. The research also considers the cultural factors influencing UI design in mobile games and the challenges of creating intuitive interfaces that appeal to diverse player demographics.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the use of data analytics in mobile game design, focusing on how player behavior data can be leveraged to optimize gameplay, enhance personalization, and drive game development decisions. The research investigates the various methods of collecting and analyzing player data, such as clickstreams, session data, and social interactions, and how this data informs design choices regarding difficulty balancing, content delivery, and monetization strategies. The study also examines the ethical considerations of player data collection, particularly regarding informed consent, data privacy, and algorithmic transparency. The paper proposes a framework for integrating data-driven design with ethical considerations to create better player experiences without compromising privacy.</p>
  101. <p>This paper presents an ethnographic study of online multiplayer mobile gaming communities, exploring how players interact, collaborate, and form social bonds through gameplay. The research draws on theories of social capital, community building, and identity formation to analyze the dynamics of virtual relationships in mobile gaming. The study examines how mobile games facilitate socialization across geographical and cultural boundaries, while also addressing challenges such as online toxicity, harassment, and the commodification of social interaction. The paper offers a sociological perspective on the role of mobile games in shaping contemporary online communities and social practices.</p>
  102. <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of mobile games, focusing on how AI enables adaptive game mechanics that adjust to a player’s behavior. The research explores how machine learning algorithms personalize game difficulty, enhance NPC interactions, and create procedurally generated content. It also addresses challenges in ensuring that AI-driven systems maintain fairness and avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://303635602139-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://487096846247-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://231913654028-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://588802750550-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://145879603795-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://150652411392-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://577623748325-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://386665171247-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://589719976649-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://023866494061-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://679803551523-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://411086099385-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://024430698588-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://844096438647-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://246284787230-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://390149033542-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://296050884513-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://081704834959-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://852217537143-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://121672981161-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?555040935256&amp;url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?900624936104&amp;url=https://naver900624936104-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?403619774279&amp;url=https://naver403619774279-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?262898589651&amp;url=https://naver262898589651-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?055776127488&amp;url=https://naver055776127488-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?466884710000&amp;url=https://naver466884710000-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?968824030607&amp;url=https://naver968824030607-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?319068804593&amp;url=https://naver319068804593-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?965075062955&amp;url=https://naver965075062955-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?358328150156&amp;url=https://naver358328150156-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?947396693191&amp;url=https://naver947396693191-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?707092538370&amp;url=https://naver707092538370-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?286292996626&amp;url=https://naver286292996626-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-395715895594.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-848685704423.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-613386915587.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-076625100979.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-459992254682.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-284733540113.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-724711667666.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-882251570043.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-398419781163.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-320096675900.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-167162492333.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-212428851960.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-638228334040.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-390623055207.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-193289352175.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-008513652615.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-021542361690-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-525842353104-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-569831333598-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5807163249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/7135294608">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" title="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7135294608.gifthub.news/post/7135294608/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/7135294608">Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the rise of cross-platform mobile gaming, where players can access the same game on multiple devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and PCs. It analyzes the technologies that enable seamless cross-platform play, including cloud synchronization and platform-agnostic development tools. The research also evaluates how cross-platform compatibility enhances user experience, providing greater flexibility and reducing barriers to entry for players.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/7135294608" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" title="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Alice Coleman</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/4635078291">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Designing Games for Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4635078291.gifthub.news/post/4635078291/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/4635078291">Designing Games for Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/4635078291" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Designing Games for Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Nicholas Richardson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5013867924">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="The Role of Ambient Intelligence in Context-Aware Game Design" title="The Role of Ambient Intelligence in Context-Aware Game Design" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5013867924.gifthub.news/post/5013867924/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5013867924">The Role of Ambient Intelligence in Context-Aware Game Design</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study analyzes the psychological effects of competitive mechanics in mobile games, focusing on how competition influences player motivation, achievement, and social interaction. The research examines how competitive elements, such as leaderboards, tournaments, and player-vs-player (PvP) modes, drive player engagement and foster a sense of accomplishment. Drawing on motivation theory, social comparison theory, and achievement goal theory, the paper explores how different types of competition—intrinsic vs. extrinsic, cooperative vs. adversarial—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The study also investigates the potential negative effects of competitive play, such as stress, frustration, and toxic behavior, offering recommendations for designing healthy, fair, and inclusive competitive environments in mobile games.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-5807163249.gifthub.news/post/5013867924" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="The Role of Ambient Intelligence in Context-Aware Game Design" title="The Role of Ambient Intelligence in Context-Aware Game Design" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Pamela Kelly</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda