It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #622600966863 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #622600966863 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T13:52:40Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Shirley Ramirez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #622600966863 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T13:52:40Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/622600966863"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "622600966863",
  52.            "abstract": "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #622600966863 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T13:52:40Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" title="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Shirley Ramirez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Shirley Ramirez for contributing the article "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" title="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the potential of integrating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques into mobile game design to promote mental health and well-being. The study investigates how game mechanics, such as goal-setting, positive reinforcement, and self-reflection, can be used to incorporate CBT principles into mobile games aimed at addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Drawing on psychological theories of behavior change, the paper examines the efficacy of mobile games as tools for delivering therapeutic interventions and improving mental health outcomes. The research also discusses the challenges of designing games that balance therapeutic goals with entertainment value, as well as the ethical considerations of using games as therapeutic tools.</p>
  100. <p>This research examines the convergence of mobile gaming and virtual reality (VR), with a focus on how VR technologies are integrated into mobile game design to enhance immersion and interactivity. The study investigates the challenges and opportunities presented by VR in mobile gaming, including hardware limitations, motion sickness, and the development of intuitive user interfaces. By exploring both theoretical frameworks of immersion and empirical case studies, the paper analyzes how VR in mobile games can facilitate new forms of player interaction, narrative exploration, and experiential storytelling, while also considering the potential psychological impacts of long-term VR engagement.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  102. <p>The evolution of gaming has been a captivating journey through time, spanning from the rudimentary pixelated graphics of early arcade games to the breathtakingly immersive virtual worlds of today's cutting-edge MMORPGs. Over the decades, we've witnessed a remarkable transformation in gaming technology, with advancements in graphics, sound, storytelling, and gameplay mechanics continuously pushing the boundaries of what's possible in interactive entertainment.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://323230685224-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://011042275323-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://107483016349-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://408021432636-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://953496806554-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://956590541443-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://596769455804-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://485130626285-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://339484833510-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://565045583107-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://160888322370-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://754106152766-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://225635351330-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://263500675196-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://702979601264-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://709932069329-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://387896567765-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://635752232136-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://432364393182-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://849526089665-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898002745081&amp;url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?411830014066&amp;url=https://naver411830014066-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?675632121032&amp;url=https://naver675632121032-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?206805057230&amp;url=https://naver206805057230-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?241748315979&amp;url=https://naver241748315979-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?292305535216&amp;url=https://naver292305535216-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?711434569634&amp;url=https://naver711434569634-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?475073093233&amp;url=https://naver475073093233-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?796318999143&amp;url=https://naver796318999143-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?690564901519&amp;url=https://naver690564901519-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?828241521262&amp;url=https://naver828241521262-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?062077336492&amp;url=https://naver062077336492-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?883045937752&amp;url=https://naver883045937752-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-905021327625.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-368018297691.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-294969160673.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-816679116017.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-836506725122.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-149216597255.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-176777461121.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-894316530551.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-111947454132.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-989091271613.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-376422633737.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-483896185094.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-212484721363.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-627901749139.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-847357889027.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-500646009809.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-974887762508-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-386299049014-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-714794692071-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/1506384792" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/6235419078">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Economic Impact of Game as a Service (GaaS) on Mobile Game Development Pipelines" title="Economic Impact of Game as a Service (GaaS) on Mobile Game Development Pipelines" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6235419078.mit-edu.top/post/6235419078/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/6235419078">Economic Impact of Game as a Service (GaaS) on Mobile Game Development Pipelines</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/6235419078" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Economic Impact of Game as a Service (GaaS) on Mobile Game Development Pipelines" title="Economic Impact of Game as a Service (GaaS) on Mobile Game Development Pipelines" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Joshua Gray</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/3604578192">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3604578192.mit-edu.top/post/3604578192/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/3604578192">Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of data analytics in mobile game design, focusing on how player behavior data can be leveraged to optimize gameplay, enhance personalization, and drive game development decisions. The research investigates the various methods of collecting and analyzing player data, such as clickstreams, session data, and social interactions, and how this data informs design choices regarding difficulty balancing, content delivery, and monetization strategies. The study also examines the ethical considerations of player data collection, particularly regarding informed consent, data privacy, and algorithmic transparency. The paper proposes a framework for integrating data-driven design with ethical considerations to create better player experiences without compromising privacy.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/3604578192" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Anthony Edwards</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/7540823619">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Platforms for Interactive Environmental Education" title="Mobile Games as Platforms for Interactive Environmental Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7540823619.mit-edu.top/post/7540823619/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/7540823619">Mobile Games as Platforms for Interactive Environmental Education</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper provides a comparative legal analysis of intellectual property (IP) rights as they pertain to mobile game development, focusing on the protection of game code, design elements, and in-game assets across different jurisdictions. The study examines the legal challenges that developers face when navigating copyright, trademark, and patent law in the global mobile gaming market. By comparing IP regulations in the United States, the European Union, and Asia, the paper identifies key legal barriers and proposes policy recommendations to foster innovation while protecting the intellectual property of creators. The study also considers emerging issues such as the ownership of user-generated content and the legal status of in-game assets like NFTs.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-581947285433.mit-edu.top/post/7540823619" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Platforms for Interactive Environmental Education" title="Mobile Games as Platforms for Interactive Environmental Education" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Ann Gonzales</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda