It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective #422251380450 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective #422251380450 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/4.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T20:46:10Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Frances Long" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective #422251380450 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Frances Long",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T20:46:10Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/4.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/422251380450"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "422251380450",
  52.            "abstract": "Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective #422251380450 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Frances Long",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T20:46:10Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective" title="Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Frances Long</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Frances Long for contributing the article "Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective" title="Mobile Games as Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  100. <p>This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  101. <p>This paper examines the role of multiplayer mobile games in facilitating socialization, community building, and the formation of online social networks. The study investigates how multiplayer features such as cooperative gameplay, competitive modes, and guilds foster interaction among players and create virtual communities. Drawing on social network theory and community dynamics, the research explores the impact of multiplayer mobile games on players' social behavior, including collaboration, communication, and identity formation. The paper also evaluates the potential negative effects of online gaming communities, such as toxicity, exclusion, and cyberbullying, and offers strategies for developers to promote positive social interaction and inclusive communities in multiplayer games.</p>
  102. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  103. <p>This paper offers a post-structuralist analysis of narrative structures in mobile games, emphasizing how game narratives contribute to the construction of player identity and agency. It explores the intersection of game mechanics, storytelling, and player interaction, considering how mobile games as “digital texts” challenge traditional notions of authorship and narrative control. Drawing upon the works of theorists like Michel Foucault and Roland Barthes, the paper examines the decentralized nature of mobile game narratives and how they allow players to engage in a performative process of meaning-making, identity construction, and subversion of preordained narrative trajectories.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://061606717099-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://458209811997-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://519248445516-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://287997942863-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://754843604529-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://473025653452-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://146433718102-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://563025962365-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://830276591234-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://515325682984-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://580817301428-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://078192653286-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://854053401592-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://223375283103-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://468787462978-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://219368690938-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://466886123991-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://648935757694-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://453547493071-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://794083258042-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?627387732197&amp;url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?937244414812&amp;url=https://naver937244414812-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?238142304143&amp;url=https://naver238142304143-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?827136820554&amp;url=https://naver827136820554-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?005596820634&amp;url=https://naver005596820634-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?965489761585&amp;url=https://naver965489761585-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?168223634183&amp;url=https://naver168223634183-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?865929426964&amp;url=https://naver865929426964-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?940099615438&amp;url=https://naver940099615438-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?802210507190&amp;url=https://naver802210507190-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?032639023133&amp;url=https://naver032639023133-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?095648529741&amp;url=https://naver095648529741-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?801611625988&amp;url=https://naver801611625988-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-891214524199.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-941926016187.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-349848738859.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-311821726918.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-510138963958.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-821616558741.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-823515466489.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-386771554616.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-372156249690.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-137786714381.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-537009637952.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-676536650328.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-009448602302.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-375060238982.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-647680481435.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-395536863360.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-493392556315-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-364407047590-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-277614664093-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6170852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6520197843">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Hyper-Immersive Gameplay in Future Gaming Systems" title="Ethical Implications of Hyper-Immersive Gameplay in Future Gaming Systems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6520197843.gifthub.news/post/6520197843/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6520197843">Ethical Implications of Hyper-Immersive Gameplay in Future Gaming Systems</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/6520197843" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Hyper-Immersive Gameplay in Future Gaming Systems" title="Ethical Implications of Hyper-Immersive Gameplay in Future Gaming Systems" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Samuel Jenkins</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/9463528107">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" title="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9463528107.gifthub.news/post/9463528107/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/9463528107">Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Puzzles, as enigmatic as they are rewarding, challenge players' intellect and wit, their solutions often hidden in plain sight yet requiring a discerning eye and a strategic mind to unravel their secrets and claim the coveted rewards. Whether deciphering cryptic clues, manipulating intricate mechanisms, or solving complex riddles, the puzzle-solving aspect of gaming exercises the brain and encourages creative problem-solving skills. The satisfaction of finally cracking a difficult puzzle after careful analysis and experimentation is a testament to the mental agility and perseverance of gamers, rewarding them with a sense of accomplishment and progression.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/9463528107" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" title="Market Dynamics of Secondary Trading of Digital Assets in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>George Baker</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/9523108764">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" title="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9523108764.gifthub.news/post/9523108764/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/9523108764">Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of mobile games in the development of social capital within online multiplayer communities. The study draws on social capital theory to examine how players form bonds, share resources, and collaborate within game environments. By analyzing network structures, social interactions, and community dynamics, the paper investigates how mobile games contribute to the creation of virtual social networks that extend beyond gameplay and influence offline relationships. The research also explores the role of mobile games in fostering a sense of belonging and collective identity, while addressing the potential for social exclusion, toxicity, and exploitation within game communities.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-597281856421.gifthub.news/post/9523108764" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" title="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Nicholas Richardson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda