It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #921946532708 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #921946532708 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T08:11:15Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Joyce Stevens" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #921946532708 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Joyce Stevens",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T08:11:15Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/921946532708"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "921946532708",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #921946532708 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Joyce Stevens",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T08:11:15Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" title="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Joyce Stevens</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Joyce Stevens for contributing the article "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" title="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the role of mobile games in the development of social capital within online multiplayer communities. The study draws on social capital theory to examine how players form bonds, share resources, and collaborate within game environments. By analyzing network structures, social interactions, and community dynamics, the paper investigates how mobile games contribute to the creation of virtual social networks that extend beyond gameplay and influence offline relationships. The research also explores the role of mobile games in fostering a sense of belonging and collective identity, while addressing the potential for social exclusion, toxicity, and exploitation within game communities.</p>
  100. <p>Game developers are the architects of dreams, weaving intricate codes and visual marvels to craft worlds that inspire awe and ignite passion among players. Behind every pixel and line of code lies a creative vision, a dedication to excellence, and a commitment to delivering memorable experiences. The collaboration between artists, programmers, and storytellers gives rise to masterpieces that captivate the imagination and set new standards for innovation in the gaming industry.</p>
  101. <p>This research provides a critical analysis of gender representation in mobile games, focusing on the portrayal of gender stereotypes and the inclusivity of diverse gender identities in game design. The study investigates how mobile games depict male, female, and non-binary characters, examining the roles, traits, and agency afforded to these characters within game narratives and mechanics. Drawing on feminist theory and media studies, the paper critiques the reinforcement of traditional gender roles and the underrepresentation of marginalized genders in mobile games. The research also explores how game developers can promote inclusivity through diverse character designs, storylines, and gameplay mechanics, offering suggestions for more equitable and progressive representations in mobile gaming.</p>
  102. <p>This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  103. <p>This research evaluates the environmental sustainability of the mobile gaming industry, focusing on the environmental footprint of game development, distribution, and consumption. The study examines energy consumption patterns, electronic waste generation, and resource use across the mobile gaming lifecycle, offering a comprehensive assessment of the industry's impact on global sustainability. It also explores innovative approaches to mitigate these effects, such as green game design principles, eco-friendly server technologies, and sustainable mobile device manufacturing practices.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://484072264021-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://260699438338-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://426335583090-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://317829946015-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://959892634268-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://827236367050-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://945556142021-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://295622505228-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://855651655110-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://825028157729-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://979492377833-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://908520602205-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://020892799738-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://976760060912-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://983114726706-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://075059956523-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://629621919321-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://793373081687-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://672334697569-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://660693763001-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?409578236569&amp;url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?929776643702&amp;url=https://naver929776643702-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?079480520487&amp;url=https://naver079480520487-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?211967869837&amp;url=https://naver211967869837-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?502872180129&amp;url=https://naver502872180129-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?172220052149&amp;url=https://naver172220052149-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?835829679866&amp;url=https://naver835829679866-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?174197104327&amp;url=https://naver174197104327-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?422637620202&amp;url=https://naver422637620202-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?160156764283&amp;url=https://naver160156764283-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?994426169433&amp;url=https://naver994426169433-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?195126433448&amp;url=https://naver195126433448-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?125553852295&amp;url=https://naver125553852295-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-911955265787.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-431786599145.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-430669160356.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-972451204473.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-032047580557.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-574619207553.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-783121434749.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-497553201662.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-693449718130.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-284658508353.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-783850110555.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-437240369735.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-695431709195.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-206252706530.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-666540119752.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-833852373009.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-389932999653-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-764640934219-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-557868796780-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/4728369015" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/6041275398">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Role of Game Aesthetics in Enhancing Player Emotional Investment" title="The Role of Game Aesthetics in Enhancing Player Emotional Investment" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6041275398.gifthub.news/post/6041275398/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/6041275398">The Role of Game Aesthetics in Enhancing Player Emotional Investment</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the role of social media integration in mobile games and its impact on player social connectivity, collaboration, and competition. The study explores how features such as social sharing, friend lists, in-game chats, and social media rewards enhance the social aspects of mobile gaming. By applying theories from social network analysis and media studies, the paper examines how these social elements influence player behavior and game dynamics, including social capital, identity construction, and community formation. The research also addresses potential risks, such as privacy concerns, cyberbullying, and the commercialization of social interactions, and suggests ways to balance social connectivity with player well-being.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/6041275398" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Role of Game Aesthetics in Enhancing Player Emotional Investment" title="The Role of Game Aesthetics in Enhancing Player Emotional Investment" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Emma Price</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/6590871243">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" title="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6590871243.gifthub.news/post/6590871243/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/6590871243">Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines the intersection of mobile games and the evolving landscape of media consumption, particularly in the context of journalism and news delivery. The study explores how mobile games are influencing the way users consume information, engage with news stories, and interact with media content. By analyzing game mechanics such as interactive narratives, role-playing elements, and user-driven content creation, the paper investigates how mobile games can be leveraged to deliver news in novel ways that increase engagement and foster critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of misinformation, echo chambers, and the ethical implications of gamified news delivery.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/6590871243" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" title="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Nicholas Richardson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/8932450671">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients in Complex Game Dynamics" title="Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients in Complex Game Dynamics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8932450671.gifthub.news/post/8932450671/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/8932450671">Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients in Complex Game Dynamics</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The social fabric of gaming is woven through online multiplayer experiences, where players collaborate, compete, and form lasting friendships in virtual realms. Whether teaming up in cooperative missions or facing off in intense PvP battles, the camaraderie and sense of community fostered by online gaming platforms transcend geographical distances, creating bonds that extend beyond the digital domain.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-597635265287.gifthub.news/post/8932450671" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients in Complex Game Dynamics" title="Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients in Complex Game Dynamics" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda