It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments #334304773015 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments #334304773015 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T00:59:37Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Amy Ward" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments #334304773015 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T00:59:37Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/334304773015"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "334304773015",
  52.            "abstract": "AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments #334304773015 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T00:59:37Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments" title="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Amy Ward</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Amy Ward for contributing the article "AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments" title="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Infinite Game Environments" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the legal and ethical considerations surrounding data collection and user tracking in mobile games. The research examines how mobile game developers collect, store, and utilize player data, including behavioral data, location information, and in-app purchases, to enhance gameplay and monetization strategies. Drawing on data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the study explores the compliance challenges that mobile game developers face and the ethical implications of player data usage. The paper provides a critical analysis of how developers can balance the need for data with respect for user privacy, offering guidelines for transparent data practices and ethical data management in mobile game development.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile gaming, focusing on how players contribute to game design, content creation, and community-driven innovation. By employing theories of participatory design and collaborative creation, the study examines how game developers empower users to create, modify, and share game content such as levels, skins, and in-game items. The research also evaluates the social dynamics and intellectual property challenges associated with UGC, proposing a model for balancing creative freedom with fair compensation and legal protection in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  103. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://910612673831-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://083200154068-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://358886588659-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://827200318749-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://764270006894-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://443209291912-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://954839805222-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://333912467897-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://717809105598-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://479092325627-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://963642424104-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://115674411421-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://654216913378-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://510931442000-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://452694769281-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://973200061065-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://119419465724-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://101139327648-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://654851373324-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://371843364477-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?319174949335&amp;url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?573805332427&amp;url=https://naver573805332427-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?853301042050&amp;url=https://naver853301042050-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?544587145425&amp;url=https://naver544587145425-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?069301097427&amp;url=https://naver069301097427-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?531737792240&amp;url=https://naver531737792240-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?054507103034&amp;url=https://naver054507103034-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?143985638812&amp;url=https://naver143985638812-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?692816822372&amp;url=https://naver692816822372-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?183587901290&amp;url=https://naver183587901290-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?863755014296&amp;url=https://naver863755014296-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?988116434883&amp;url=https://naver988116434883-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?584714790075&amp;url=https://naver584714790075-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-676196884606.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-349738186557.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-926033501210.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-899369994877.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-795341043757.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-107238328255.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-145533202847.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-942327038851.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-794510135688.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-919103908130.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-843629808250.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-273832624645.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-035859933396.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-387203230613.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-886251865350.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-243673311032.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-456418807433-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-619144179547-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-978181426078-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/7819240563" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/4627390581">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" title="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4627390581.mit-edu.top/post/4627390581/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/4627390581">Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The intricate game mechanics of modern titles challenge players on multiple levels. From mastering complex skill trees and managing in-game economies to coordinating with teammates in high-stakes raids, players must think critically, adapt quickly, and collaborate effectively to achieve victory. These challenges not only test cognitive abilities but also foster valuable skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and resilience, making gaming not just an entertaining pastime but also a platform for personal growth and development.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/4627390581" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" title="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Maria Anderson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/2179683504">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="The Economics of Mobile Game Subscriptions: A Longitudinal Study of Consumer Behavior" title="The Economics of Mobile Game Subscriptions: A Longitudinal Study of Consumer Behavior" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2179683504.mit-edu.top/post/2179683504/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/2179683504">The Economics of Mobile Game Subscriptions: A Longitudinal Study of Consumer Behavior</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the integration of virtual goods and cryptocurrencies within mobile games, analyzing how these digital assets are reshaping in-game economies and influencing real-world economic practices. The study examines how players engage with virtual currencies and goods, exploring their role in enhancing player agency, fostering virtual economies, and enabling new forms of monetization. The research also explores the potential for blockchain technology to facilitate secure, decentralized in-game transactions, providing insights into the future of digital currencies within the gaming industry and the broader global economy.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/2179683504" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="The Economics of Mobile Game Subscriptions: A Longitudinal Study of Consumer Behavior" title="The Economics of Mobile Game Subscriptions: A Longitudinal Study of Consumer Behavior" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/0364782915">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Monetization Strategies in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Monetization Strategies in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0364782915.mit-edu.top/post/0364782915/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/0364782915">Ethical Implications of Monetization Strategies in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-627798995640.mit-edu.top/post/0364782915" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Monetization Strategies in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Monetization Strategies in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Rebecca Cook</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda