It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games #130354466561 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games #130354466561 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T02:43:14Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Patricia Brown" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games #130354466561 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Patricia Brown",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T02:43:14Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/130354466561"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "130354466561",
  52.            "abstract": "Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games #130354466561 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Patricia Brown",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T02:43:14Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" title="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Patricia Brown</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Patricia Brown for contributing the article "Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" title="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the environmental footprint of mobile gaming, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and resource usage. It proposes sustainable practices for game development and consumption.This study examines how mobile gaming serves as a platform for social interaction, allowing players to form and maintain relationships. It explores the dynamics of online communities and the social benefits of gaming.</p>
  100. <p>This paper delves into the concept of digital addiction, specifically focusing on the psychological and social impacts of excessive mobile game usage. The research examines how mobile gaming, particularly in free-to-play models, contributes to behavioral addiction, exploring how reward loops, social pressure, and the desire for progression can lead to compulsive gaming behavior. Drawing on psychological theories of addiction, habit formation, and reward systems, the study analyzes the mental health consequences of excessive gaming, such as sleep disruption, anxiety, and social isolation. The paper also evaluates preventive and intervention strategies, including digital well-being tools and game design modifications, to mitigate the risk of addiction.</p>
  101. <p>Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  102. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  103. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://998009345128-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://968719711296-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://518043432243-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://277790687558-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://439659310115-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://458782100879-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://948694548514-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://445567012881-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://191289273043-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://597358793349-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://040239449568-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://486890150985-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://864199093126-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://161028977556-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://571660146666-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://576999605717-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://505250918174-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://199856513102-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://062644495920-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://912839249235-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?886207404778&amp;url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?118600702985&amp;url=https://naver118600702985-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?910943432052&amp;url=https://naver910943432052-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?893270192963&amp;url=https://naver893270192963-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?033332934928&amp;url=https://naver033332934928-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?362677957274&amp;url=https://naver362677957274-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?394580893227&amp;url=https://naver394580893227-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?420922859026&amp;url=https://naver420922859026-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?711439978327&amp;url=https://naver711439978327-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?417730582584&amp;url=https://naver417730582584-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?860762433687&amp;url=https://naver860762433687-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?584427268942&amp;url=https://naver584427268942-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?091249735811&amp;url=https://naver091249735811-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-154413271714.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-440344543678.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-552133248799.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-016298632766.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-121598453667.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-981851863482.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-356622245494.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-240606305581.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-667016251814.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-148788102173.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-813362439131.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-866047461239.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-050278559986.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-239153330935.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-771895800928.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-783782305320.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-754757225415-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-995098867145-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-376918084450-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3092657184" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/6245893107">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Measuring the Effectiveness of Educational Mobile Games for Adult Learners" title="Measuring the Effectiveness of Educational Mobile Games for Adult Learners" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6245893107.mit-edu.top/post/6245893107/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/6245893107">Measuring the Effectiveness of Educational Mobile Games for Adult Learners</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study explores the use of mobile games as tools for political activism and social movements, focusing on how game mechanics can raise awareness about social, environmental, and political issues. By analyzing games that tackle topics such as climate change, racial justice, and gender equality, the paper investigates how game designers incorporate messages of activism into gameplay, narrative structures, and player decisions. The research also examines the potential for mobile games to inspire real-world action, fostering solidarity and collective mobilization through interactive digital experiences. The study offers a critical evaluation of the ethical implications of gamifying serious social issues, particularly in relation to authenticity, message dilution, and exploitation.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/6245893107" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Measuring the Effectiveness of Educational Mobile Games for Adult Learners" title="Measuring the Effectiveness of Educational Mobile Games for Adult Learners" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Martha Perry</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3859206741">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Real-Time Object Detection and Interaction in Augmented Reality Gaming" title="Real-Time Object Detection and Interaction in Augmented Reality Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3859206741.mit-edu.top/post/3859206741/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3859206741">Real-Time Object Detection and Interaction in Augmented Reality Gaming</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the influence of cultural differences on mobile game preferences and playstyles, examining how cultural values, social norms, and gaming traditions shape player behavior and engagement. By drawing on cross-cultural psychology and international marketing research, the study compares player preferences across different regions, including East Asia, North America, and Europe. The research investigates how cultural factors influence choices in game genre, design aesthetics, social interaction, and in-game purchasing behavior. The study also discusses how game developers can design culturally sensitive games that appeal to global audiences while maintaining local relevance, offering strategies for localization and cross-cultural adaptation.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/3859206741" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Real-Time Object Detection and Interaction in Augmented Reality Gaming" title="Real-Time Object Detection and Interaction in Augmented Reality Gaming" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Joseph Lee</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/4256830917">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Optimizing Player Interfaces for Mixed Reality Mobile Games" title="Optimizing Player Interfaces for Mixed Reality Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4256830917.mit-edu.top/post/4256830917/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/4256830917">Optimizing Player Interfaces for Mixed Reality Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study compares the educational efficacy of mobile games designed for learning with those created purely for entertainment purposes, examining their impacts on knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Drawing from educational theory, cognitive psychology, and game design, the research evaluates how various game mechanics—such as points, challenges, and feedback loops—affect learning outcomes. The paper investigates how mobile games can bridge the gap between fun and education, proposing a framework for creating hybrid games that are both enjoyable and educational. The research also addresses the challenges of assessing learning outcomes in gamified environments and the role of player motivation in educational success.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-635813890260.mit-edu.top/post/4256830917" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Optimizing Player Interfaces for Mixed Reality Mobile Games" title="Optimizing Player Interfaces for Mixed Reality Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda