It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications #286457511907 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications #286457511907 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T21:37:01Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jacqueline Foster" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications #286457511907 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jacqueline Foster",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T21:37:01Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/286457511907"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "286457511907",
  52.            "abstract": "Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications #286457511907 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jacqueline Foster",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T21:37:01Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications" title="Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jacqueline Foster</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jacqueline Foster for contributing the article "Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications" title="Procedural Content Generation in Mobile Games: Algorithms and Applications" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the ethical implications of data collection practices in mobile games, focusing on how player data is used to personalize experiences, target advertisements, and influence in-game purchases. The research investigates the risks associated with data privacy violations, surveillance, and the exploitation of vulnerable players, particularly minors and those with addictive tendencies. By drawing on ethical frameworks from information technology ethics, the paper discusses the ethical responsibilities of game developers in balancing data-driven business models with player privacy. It also proposes guidelines for designing mobile games that prioritize user consent, transparency, and data protection.</p>
  100. <p>This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  101. <p>This research examines the concept of psychological flow in the context of mobile game design, focusing on how game mechanics can be optimized to facilitate flow states in players. Drawing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory, the study analyzes the relationship between player skill, game difficulty, and intrinsic motivation in mobile games. The paper explores how factors such as feedback, challenge progression, and control mechanisms can be incorporated into game design to keep players engaged and motivated. It also examines the role of flow in improving long-term player retention and satisfaction, offering design recommendations for developers seeking to create more immersive and rewarding gaming experiences.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines the role of social influence in mobile game engagement, focusing on how peer behavior, social norms, and social comparison processes shape player motivations and in-game actions. By drawing on social psychology and network theory, the paper investigates how players' social circles, including friends, family, and online communities, influence their gaming habits, preferences, and spending behavior. The research explores how mobile games leverage social influence through features such as social media integration, leaderboards, and team-based gameplay. The study also examines the ethical implications of using social influence techniques in game design, particularly regarding manipulation, peer pressure, and the potential for social exclusion.</p>
  103. <p>The fusion of gaming and storytelling has birthed narrative-driven masterpieces that transport players on epic journeys filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and immersive worlds. Role-playing games (RPGs), interactive dramas, and story-driven adventures weave intricate narratives that resonate with players on emotional, intellectual, and narrative levels, blurring the line between gaming and literature.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://148631897931-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://601091950484-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://122594519373-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://562356426525-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://721769282431-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://892730187312-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://065718290367-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://385529718091-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://100842148610-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://449485114776-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://647556667641-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://856728762610-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://232609274029-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://796451647229-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://096367481642-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://679072051606-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://761593403049-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://887942209117-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://323483160319-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://760074052857-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?078999721070&amp;url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?397429495403&amp;url=https://naver397429495403-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?919295993792&amp;url=https://naver919295993792-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?775972012854&amp;url=https://naver775972012854-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?794345636565&amp;url=https://naver794345636565-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?055335612110&amp;url=https://naver055335612110-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?412607177502&amp;url=https://naver412607177502-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?176722337971&amp;url=https://naver176722337971-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?433744896066&amp;url=https://naver433744896066-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?774534742315&amp;url=https://naver774534742315-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?558345598863&amp;url=https://naver558345598863-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?343959626089&amp;url=https://naver343959626089-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?554795251185&amp;url=https://naver554795251185-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-645531966262.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-124833888258.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-883992566019.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-216932155648.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-936862650950.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-106818839433.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-649114907684.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-849944964646.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-429463837859.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-349008593487.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-883348090947.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-330015040951.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-710159847282.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-081186819921.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-526512793808.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-793521839058.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-649631793445-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-625906886148-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-322327191055-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/8472106953" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/3874502196">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Measuring the Effect of Social Affiliation on In-Game Spending Patterns" title="Measuring the Effect of Social Affiliation on In-Game Spending Patterns" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3874502196.gifthub.news/post/3874502196/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/3874502196">Measuring the Effect of Social Affiliation on In-Game Spending Patterns</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/3874502196" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Measuring the Effect of Social Affiliation on In-Game Spending Patterns" title="Measuring the Effect of Social Affiliation on In-Game Spending Patterns" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Shirley Ramirez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/6741325089">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Optimal Allocation of Virtual Goods in Freemium Economies" title="Optimal Allocation of Virtual Goods in Freemium Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6741325089.gifthub.news/post/6741325089/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/6741325089">Optimal Allocation of Virtual Goods in Freemium Economies</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/6741325089" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Optimal Allocation of Virtual Goods in Freemium Economies" title="Optimal Allocation of Virtual Goods in Freemium Economies" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Victoria Simmons</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/5431609287">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Economic Stability in Player-Driven Virtual Marketplaces" title="Economic Stability in Player-Driven Virtual Marketplaces" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5431609287.gifthub.news/post/5431609287/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/5431609287">Economic Stability in Player-Driven Virtual Marketplaces</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of ethical AI in mobile game design, focusing on how AI can be used to create fair and inclusive gaming experiences. The study examines the challenges of ensuring that AI-driven game mechanics, such as matchmaking, procedural generation, and player behavior analysis, do not perpetuate bias, discrimination, or exclusion. By applying ethical frameworks from artificial intelligence, the paper investigates how developers can design AI systems that promote fairness, inclusivity, and diversity within mobile games. The research also explores the broader social implications of AI-driven game design, including the potential for AI to empower marginalized groups and provide more equitable gaming opportunities.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-644442492562.gifthub.news/post/5431609287" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Economic Stability in Player-Driven Virtual Marketplaces" title="Economic Stability in Player-Driven Virtual Marketplaces" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda