It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #832178235680 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #832178235680 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/1.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T12:05:36Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Samuel Jenkins" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #832178235680 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Samuel Jenkins",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T12:05:36Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/1.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/832178235680"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "832178235680",
  52.            "abstract": "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #832178235680 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Samuel Jenkins",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T12:05:36Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" title="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Samuel Jenkins</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Samuel Jenkins for contributing the article "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" title="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the role of mobile games in the development of social capital within online multiplayer communities. The study draws on social capital theory to examine how players form bonds, share resources, and collaborate within game environments. By analyzing network structures, social interactions, and community dynamics, the paper investigates how mobile games contribute to the creation of virtual social networks that extend beyond gameplay and influence offline relationships. The research also explores the role of mobile games in fostering a sense of belonging and collective identity, while addressing the potential for social exclusion, toxicity, and exploitation within game communities.</p>
  100. <p>This paper examines the potential of augmented reality (AR) in educational mobile games, focusing on how AR can be used to create interactive learning experiences that enhance knowledge retention and student engagement. The research investigates how AR technology can overlay digital content onto the physical world to provide immersive learning environments that foster experiential learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Drawing on educational psychology and AR development, the paper explores the advantages and challenges of incorporating AR into mobile games for educational purposes. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of AR-based learning tools compared to traditional educational methods and provides recommendations for integrating AR into mobile games to promote deeper learning outcomes.</p>
  101. <p>This paper investigates the ethical implications of digital addiction in mobile games, specifically focusing on the role of game design in preventing compulsive play and overuse. The research explores how game mechanics such as reward systems, social comparison, and time-limited events may contribute to addictive behavior, particularly in vulnerable populations. Drawing on behavioral addiction theories, the study examines how developers can design games that are both engaging and ethical by avoiding exploitative practices while promoting healthy gaming habits. The paper also discusses strategies for mitigating the negative impacts of digital addiction, such as incorporating breaks, time limits, and player welfare features, to reduce the risk of game-related compulsive behavior.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the potential of neurofeedback and biofeedback techniques in mobile games to enhance player performance and overall gaming experience. The research examines how mobile games can integrate real-time brainwave monitoring, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response to provide players with personalized feedback and guidance to improve focus, relaxation, or emotional regulation. Drawing on neuropsychology and biofeedback research, the study explores the cognitive and emotional benefits of biofeedback-based game mechanics, particularly in improving players' attention, stress management, and learning outcomes. The paper also discusses the ethical concerns related to the use of biofeedback data and the potential risks of manipulating player physiology.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://775234046140-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://378277306309-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://643264942575-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://980694731658-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://399029093410-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://814161769739-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://102367206109-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://019450441958-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://134107028265-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://086797708643-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://697893606117-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://920846444024-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://794559929619-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://989691393388-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://023525904450-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://443414302372-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://502940742095-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://695140185436-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://967194455649-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://714923492907-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?025679265075&amp;url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?520094066459&amp;url=https://naver520094066459-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?808109801468&amp;url=https://naver808109801468-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?394802465564&amp;url=https://naver394802465564-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?070625505416&amp;url=https://naver070625505416-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?396433373763&amp;url=https://naver396433373763-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?009556954926&amp;url=https://naver009556954926-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?586138768412&amp;url=https://naver586138768412-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?849125536592&amp;url=https://naver849125536592-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?288680349052&amp;url=https://naver288680349052-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?838670955878&amp;url=https://naver838670955878-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?421080209078&amp;url=https://naver421080209078-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?102118391269&amp;url=https://naver102118391269-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-265742595793.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-724732553764.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-694710647121.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-480950333816.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-062348708189.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-244966115210.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-354635342577.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-357175100607.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-228840985348.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-973121967684.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-295356188063.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-061595493716.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-903671190636.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-244141457517.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-157538228586.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-695769393808.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-044705521284-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-107056616293-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-122512417898-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/4827036195" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/8196237405">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Real-Time Emotional Adaptation in AI-Driven Game Characters" title="Real-Time Emotional Adaptation in AI-Driven Game Characters" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8196237405.gifthub.news/post/8196237405/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/8196237405">Real-Time Emotional Adaptation in AI-Driven Game Characters</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/8196237405" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Real-Time Emotional Adaptation in AI-Driven Game Characters" title="Real-Time Emotional Adaptation in AI-Driven Game Characters" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jason Morris</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/3156709842">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="The Role of Commitment Devices in Mobile Game Engagement" title="The Role of Commitment Devices in Mobile Game Engagement" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3156709842.gifthub.news/post/3156709842/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/3156709842">The Role of Commitment Devices in Mobile Game Engagement</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/3156709842" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="The Role of Commitment Devices in Mobile Game Engagement" title="The Role of Commitment Devices in Mobile Game Engagement" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Scott Bennett</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/0759613824">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Exploring Prosocial Behavior in Cooperative Mobile Game Contexts" title="Exploring Prosocial Behavior in Cooperative Mobile Game Contexts" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0759613824.gifthub.news/post/0759613824/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/0759613824">Exploring Prosocial Behavior in Cooperative Mobile Game Contexts</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual realms are not just spaces for gaming but also avenues for self-expression and creativity, where players can customize their avatars, design unique outfits, and build virtual homes or kingdoms. The sense of agency and control over one's digital identity adds another layer of fascination to the gaming experience, blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-672226691415.gifthub.news/post/0759613824" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Exploring Prosocial Behavior in Cooperative Mobile Game Contexts" title="Exploring Prosocial Behavior in Cooperative Mobile Game Contexts" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda