It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #972700508755 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #972700508755 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T10:48:21Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Amy Ward" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #972700508755 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:48:21Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/972700508755"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "972700508755",
  52.            "abstract": "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective #972700508755 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:48:21Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" title="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Amy Ward</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Amy Ward for contributing the article "Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" title="Designing Games for Accessibility: A Neurodiverse Perspective" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in personalizing in-game experiences in mobile games, particularly through adaptive gameplay systems that adjust to player preferences, skill levels, and behaviors. The research investigates how AI-driven systems can monitor player actions in real-time, analyze patterns, and dynamically modify game elements, such as difficulty, story progression, and rewards, to maintain player engagement. Drawing on concepts from machine learning, reinforcement learning, and user experience design, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI in creating personalized gameplay that enhances user satisfaction, retention, and long-term commitment to games. The paper also addresses the challenges of ensuring fairness and avoiding algorithmic bias in AI-based game design.</p>
  101. <p>Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This research investigates the ethical, psychological, and economic impacts of virtual item purchases in free-to-play mobile games. The study explores how microtransactions and virtual goods, such as skins, power-ups, and loot boxes, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on consumer behavior theory, economic models, and psychological studies of behavior change, the paper examines the role of virtual goods in creating addictive spending patterns, particularly among vulnerable populations such as minors or players with compulsive tendencies. The research also discusses the ethical implications of monetizing gameplay through virtual goods and provides recommendations for developers to create fairer and more transparent in-game purchase systems.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://570737702679-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://777310620587-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://884038785869-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://539897874505-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://678637425829-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://607284247127-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://815376833797-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://449021991720-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://145968759286-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://879259993906-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://095277282888-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://663582179104-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://194594194722-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://550739695944-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://262182692051-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://561033288351-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://220825241560-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://720935181295-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://513449571653-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://188334306309-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?918147609043&amp;url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?090256664408&amp;url=https://naver090256664408-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?839570562476&amp;url=https://naver839570562476-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?146040440565&amp;url=https://naver146040440565-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?132672466414&amp;url=https://naver132672466414-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?470618332947&amp;url=https://naver470618332947-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?082049652920&amp;url=https://naver082049652920-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?266918355427&amp;url=https://naver266918355427-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?250555354668&amp;url=https://naver250555354668-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?533836852444&amp;url=https://naver533836852444-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?380922658714&amp;url=https://naver380922658714-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?250616560943&amp;url=https://naver250616560943-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?529874202295&amp;url=https://naver529874202295-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-560332867838.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-485570822710.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-131461917951.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-237910869316.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-309670794931.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-022828942744.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-820762303371.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-440934047320.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-125399772859.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-190427572666.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-070803826356.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-333529548580.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-248505112292.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-684210844207.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-151900034895.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-306636994415.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-590010736827-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-931310851524-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-114655215217-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/5480937261" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/8025361479">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Game-Based Training Modules for Skills Development in Vocational Education" title="Game-Based Training Modules for Skills Development in Vocational Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8025361479.mit-edu.top/post/8025361479/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/8025361479">Game-Based Training Modules for Skills Development in Vocational Education</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/8025361479" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Game-Based Training Modules for Skills Development in Vocational Education" title="Game-Based Training Modules for Skills Development in Vocational Education" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Dorothy King</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/6547928031">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Designing Educational Mobile Games for Cognitive Skill Development in Adolescents" title="Designing Educational Mobile Games for Cognitive Skill Development in Adolescents" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6547928031.mit-edu.top/post/6547928031/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/6547928031">Designing Educational Mobile Games for Cognitive Skill Development in Adolescents</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study evaluates the efficacy of mobile games as gamified interventions for promoting physical and mental well-being. The research examines how health-related mobile games, such as fitness games, mindfulness apps, and therapeutic games, can improve players’ physical health, mental health, and overall quality of life. By drawing on health psychology and behavioral medicine, the paper investigates how mobile games use motivational mechanics, feedback systems, and social support to encourage healthy behaviors, such as exercise, stress reduction, and dietary changes. The study also reviews the effectiveness of gamified health interventions in clinical settings, offering a critical evaluation of their potential and limitations.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/6547928031" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Designing Educational Mobile Games for Cognitive Skill Development in Adolescents" title="Designing Educational Mobile Games for Cognitive Skill Development in Adolescents" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Gary Rivera</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/9642850713">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" title="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9642850713.mit-edu.top/post/9642850713/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/9642850713">Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-683306920790.mit-edu.top/post/9642850713" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" title="Dynamic Content Personalization in Mobile Games Using Contextual Bandits" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Michael Davis</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda