It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #119408498871 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #119408498871 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T18:36:54Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Martha Perry" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #119408498871 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T18:36:54Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/119408498871"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "119408498871",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #119408498871 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T18:36:54Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" title="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Martha Perry</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Martha Perry for contributing the article "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" title="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in personalizing in-game experiences in mobile games, particularly through adaptive gameplay systems that adjust to player preferences, skill levels, and behaviors. The research investigates how AI-driven systems can monitor player actions in real-time, analyze patterns, and dynamically modify game elements, such as difficulty, story progression, and rewards, to maintain player engagement. Drawing on concepts from machine learning, reinforcement learning, and user experience design, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI in creating personalized gameplay that enhances user satisfaction, retention, and long-term commitment to games. The paper also addresses the challenges of ensuring fairness and avoiding algorithmic bias in AI-based game design.</p>
  100. <p>In the labyrinth of quests and adventures, gamers become digital explorers, venturing into uncharted territories and unraveling mysteries that test their wit and resolve. Whether embarking on a daring rescue mission or delving deep into ancient ruins, each quest becomes a personal journey, shaping characters and forging legends that echo through the annals of gaming history. The thrill of overcoming obstacles and the satisfaction of completing objectives fuel the relentless pursuit of new challenges and the quest for gaming excellence.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://240738491008-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://916794892238-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://502020554627-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://477577379048-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://538861622824-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://989341188836-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://573478332119-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://381573961995-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://114998645093-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://936258187234-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://531721332731-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://506116409124-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://043767120293-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://427601761472-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://013935439806-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://528657990751-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://837974276570-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://123104756512-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://311487561269-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://786434446856-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?321983224463&amp;url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?129355234977&amp;url=https://naver129355234977-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?321917640849&amp;url=https://naver321917640849-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?161608020056&amp;url=https://naver161608020056-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?689077710911&amp;url=https://naver689077710911-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?676650577747&amp;url=https://naver676650577747-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?540646204212&amp;url=https://naver540646204212-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?083074141807&amp;url=https://naver083074141807-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?865530394459&amp;url=https://naver865530394459-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?080511810117&amp;url=https://naver080511810117-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?531712509152&amp;url=https://naver531712509152-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?192637546607&amp;url=https://naver192637546607-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?889890654836&amp;url=https://naver889890654836-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-186092312576.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-330991789679.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-735228837547.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-778926569669.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-747714788210.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-194948625528.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-275141025896.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-365196206691.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-463025943567.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-670159896306.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-026796843256.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-851107965981.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-960600213982.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-577992577698.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-494993180141.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-272560817507.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-865634483983-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-291206323689-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-761522218772-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/0267958341" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/9627580431">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" title="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9627580431.mit-edu.top/post/9627580431/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/9627580431">Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Multiplayer madness ensues as alliances are forged and tested, betrayals unfold like intricate dramas, and epic battles erupt, painting the virtual sky with a kaleidoscope of chaos, cooperation, and camaraderie. In the vast and dynamic world of online gaming, players from across the globe come together to collaborate, compete, and forge meaningful connections. Whether teaming up with friends to tackle cooperative challenges or engaging in fierce competition against rivals, the social aspect of gaming adds an extra layer of excitement and immersion, creating unforgettable experiences and lasting friendships.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/9627580431" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" title="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Judith Mitchell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/8735204619">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Competitive Mobile Games: A Neurocognitive Perspective" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Competitive Mobile Games: A Neurocognitive Perspective" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8735204619.mit-edu.top/post/8735204619/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/8735204619">Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Competitive Mobile Games: A Neurocognitive Perspective</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/8735204619" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Competitive Mobile Games: A Neurocognitive Perspective" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Competitive Mobile Games: A Neurocognitive Perspective" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Mark Wright</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/2678531490">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="The Role of Predictive Modeling in Monetization Strategy Optimization" title="The Role of Predictive Modeling in Monetization Strategy Optimization" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2678531490.mit-edu.top/post/2678531490/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/2678531490">The Role of Predictive Modeling in Monetization Strategy Optimization</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-691699643750.mit-edu.top/post/2678531490" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Role of Predictive Modeling in Monetization Strategy Optimization" title="The Role of Predictive Modeling in Monetization Strategy Optimization" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Scott Bennett</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda