It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games #605332694394 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games #605332694394 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T13:00:50Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Walter Hughes" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games #605332694394 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Walter Hughes",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T13:00:50Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/605332694394"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "605332694394",
  52.            "abstract": "Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games #605332694394 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Walter Hughes",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T13:00:50Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" title="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Walter Hughes</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Walter Hughes for contributing the article "Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" title="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research examines the role of cultural adaptation in the success of mobile games across different global markets. The study investigates how developers tailor game content, mechanics, and marketing strategies to fit the cultural preferences, values, and expectations of diverse player demographics. Drawing on cross-cultural communication theory and international business strategies, the paper explores how cultural factors such as narrative themes, visual aesthetics, and gameplay styles influence the reception of mobile games in various regions. The research also evaluates the challenges of balancing universal appeal with localized content, and the ethical responsibility of developers to respect cultural norms and avoid misrepresentation or stereotyping.</p>
  100. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines the ethical implications of loot boxes in mobile games, with a particular focus on their psychological impact and potential to foster gambling behavior. It provides a legal analysis of how various jurisdictions have approached the regulation of loot boxes and explores the implications of their inclusion in games targeted at minors. The paper discusses potential reforms and alternatives to loot boxes in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  103. <p>This research investigates the ethical and psychological implications of microtransaction systems in mobile games, particularly in free-to-play models. The study examines how microtransactions, which allow players to purchase in-game items, cosmetics, or advantages, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on ethical theory and psychological models of consumer decision-making, the paper explores how microtransactions contribute to the phenomenon of “pay-to-win,” exploitation of vulnerable players, and player frustration. The research also evaluates the psychological impact of loot boxes, virtual currency, and in-app purchases, offering recommendations for ethical monetization practices that prioritize player well-being without compromising developer profitability.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://295909247111-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://476971107768-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://178941571072-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://996708956544-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://754530448233-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://491698897568-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://353918493847-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://981815154214-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://103959795187-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://926310018299-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://815347758143-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://122631334976-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://077807888422-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://108912325598-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://722129727517-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://296049359150-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://382841714037-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://919761581195-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://121036075369-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://541045746712-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?861981493507&amp;url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?215752707901&amp;url=https://naver215752707901-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?576148435624&amp;url=https://naver576148435624-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?774134966431&amp;url=https://naver774134966431-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?711412660285&amp;url=https://naver711412660285-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?128681069572&amp;url=https://naver128681069572-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?978512694836&amp;url=https://naver978512694836-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?192220743602&amp;url=https://naver192220743602-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?819766064926&amp;url=https://naver819766064926-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?295788398611&amp;url=https://naver295788398611-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?795056338215&amp;url=https://naver795056338215-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?911313932500&amp;url=https://naver911313932500-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?440202471987&amp;url=https://naver440202471987-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-621443944086.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-479730774895.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-043231093148.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-432940688652.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-639119723057.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-156570324628.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-786652815737.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-700015721489.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-522985763429.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-611194965976.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-559798750949.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-425878730859.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-356943609689.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-454459392989.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-762848783478.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-849707643088.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-928116093377-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-156494378249-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-903212104926-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/6704218359" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/2036874195">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2036874195.mit-edu.top/post/2036874195/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/2036874195">Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/2036874195" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Karen Harris</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/1052384796">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Analyzing Cognitive Biases in Microtransaction Purchase Decisions" title="Analyzing Cognitive Biases in Microtransaction Purchase Decisions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1052384796.mit-edu.top/post/1052384796/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/1052384796">Analyzing Cognitive Biases in Microtransaction Purchase Decisions</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/1052384796" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Analyzing Cognitive Biases in Microtransaction Purchase Decisions" title="Analyzing Cognitive Biases in Microtransaction Purchase Decisions" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephanie Rogers</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/9146735082">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Real-Time Measurement of Player Frustration in Mobile Games Using Physiological Sensors" title="Real-Time Measurement of Player Frustration in Mobile Games Using Physiological Sensors" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9146735082.mit-edu.top/post/9146735082/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/9146735082">Real-Time Measurement of Player Frustration in Mobile Games Using Physiological Sensors</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-754954796780.mit-edu.top/post/9146735082" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Real-Time Measurement of Player Frustration in Mobile Games Using Physiological Sensors" title="Real-Time Measurement of Player Frustration in Mobile Games Using Physiological Sensors" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda