It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games #374522768341 (2025-02-08)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games #374522768341 (2025-02-08)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T18:28:51Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Pamela Kelly" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games #374522768341 (2025-02-08)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Pamela Kelly",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T18:28:51Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/374522768341"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "374522768341",
  52.            "abstract": "Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games #374522768341 (2025-02-08)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Pamela Kelly",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T18:28:51Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Pamela Kelly</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-08</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Pamela Kelly for contributing the article "Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the integration of virtual reality (VR) technologies into mobile games and investigates its psychological and physiological effects on players. The study examines how VR can enhance immersion, presence, and player agency within mobile game environments, particularly in genres like action, horror, and simulation games. Drawing from cognitive neuroscience and human factors research, the paper analyzes the impact of VR-induced experiences on cognitive load, emotional responses, and physical well-being, such as motion sickness or eye strain. The paper also explores the challenges of VR integration on mobile platforms, including hardware limitations, user comfort, and accessibility.</p>
  100. <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  101. <p>Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://501063255126-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://140014619318-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://635458019125-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://440063677789-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://140171045581-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://492304959965-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://223091916034-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://138696736076-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://462468091401-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://502205619488-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://162760417763-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://563703863194-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://756604511898-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://840516973243-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://620039405075-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://526616590551-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://148472835938-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://879386839590-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://240205419367-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://650144031970-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?663523648678&amp;url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?120157812927&amp;url=https://naver120157812927-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?321528595857&amp;url=https://naver321528595857-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?112970892807&amp;url=https://naver112970892807-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?588881614767&amp;url=https://naver588881614767-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?616201012210&amp;url=https://naver616201012210-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?209489248036&amp;url=https://naver209489248036-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?297674346966&amp;url=https://naver297674346966-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?068390320279&amp;url=https://naver068390320279-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?293006736593&amp;url=https://naver293006736593-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?938524231071&amp;url=https://naver938524231071-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?003131051361&amp;url=https://naver003131051361-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?044694097840&amp;url=https://naver044694097840-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-374571682006.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-102248452921.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-421115253611.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-889189700935.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-780082225337.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-952223312320.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-391485963971.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-293737433766.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-197339478517.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-103401621004.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-758134744487.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-424286907347.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-510611196919.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-384733576904.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-695330181253.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-362053082565.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-813413973416-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-425541987183-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-582838319761-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/5789436012" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/6513298470">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" title="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6513298470.mit-edu.top/post/6513298470/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/6513298470">Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/6513298470" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" title="Human-Centered Interaction Design in Augmented Reality Multiplayer Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Patrick Russell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/4197806532">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" title="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4197806532.mit-edu.top/post/4197806532/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/4197806532">The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/4197806532" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" title="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Emily Carter</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/7349061285">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Impact of Blockchain Latency on Real-Time Gaming Experiences" title="The Impact of Blockchain Latency on Real-Time Gaming Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7349061285.mit-edu.top/post/7349061285/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/7349061285">The Impact of Blockchain Latency on Real-Time Gaming Experiences</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-759988473737.mit-edu.top/post/7349061285" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="The Impact of Blockchain Latency on Real-Time Gaming Experiences" title="The Impact of Blockchain Latency on Real-Time Gaming Experiences" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Steven Mitchell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda