It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #491982404577 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #491982404577 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T12:39:14Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Elizabeth Martinez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #491982404577 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Elizabeth Martinez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T12:39:14Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/491982404577"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "491982404577",
  52.            "abstract": "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #491982404577 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Elizabeth Martinez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T12:39:14Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" title="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Elizabeth Martinez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Elizabeth Martinez for contributing the article "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" title="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the use of gamification techniques in mobile learning applications, focusing on how game-like elements such as scoring, badges, and leaderboards influence user engagement and motivation. It assesses the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly in educational apps targeting children and young adults. The paper also addresses challenges in designing gamified systems that balance educational value with entertainment.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  103. <p>This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://309476042395-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://231180351127-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://798450891738-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://433673296315-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://440563332178-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://267430384651-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://071703247203-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://637955771515-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://643118326496-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://711542906601-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://189231805117-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://049698370524-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://715485593527-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://617238933802-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://740793275713-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://273526387000-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://904295579648-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://966437864127-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://856667657187-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://644608505159-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?835357133709&amp;url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?464183847208&amp;url=https://naver464183847208-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?169674568193&amp;url=https://naver169674568193-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?817287124642&amp;url=https://naver817287124642-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?937768674541&amp;url=https://naver937768674541-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?907717108927&amp;url=https://naver907717108927-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?649104307083&amp;url=https://naver649104307083-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?941396596378&amp;url=https://naver941396596378-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?189082746757&amp;url=https://naver189082746757-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?197805299439&amp;url=https://naver197805299439-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?089627536434&amp;url=https://naver089627536434-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?618384003793&amp;url=https://naver618384003793-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?213256255227&amp;url=https://naver213256255227-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-981525996825.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-325694026351.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-087500308450.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-950642174744.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-147782991652.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-782538624698.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-906480895674.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-973048216460.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-332792583131.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-211778265579.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-491047170440.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-609922054132.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-059606646750.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-468503674566.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-871284490351.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-015691738599.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-956313900129-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-678614716385-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-559419305047-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/9085672431" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/5816347029">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Tokenomics Balancing in Decentralized Virtual Economies: A Machine Learning Approach" title="Tokenomics Balancing in Decentralized Virtual Economies: A Machine Learning Approach" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5816347029.mit-edu.top/post/5816347029/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/5816347029">Tokenomics Balancing in Decentralized Virtual Economies: A Machine Learning Approach</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study explores the economic implications of in-game microtransactions within mobile games, focusing on their effects on user behavior and virtual market dynamics. The research investigates how the implementation of microtransactions, including loot boxes, subscriptions, and cosmetic purchases, influences player engagement, game retention, and overall spending patterns. By drawing on theories of consumer behavior, behavioral economics, and market structure, the paper analyzes how mobile game developers create virtual economies that mimic real-world market forces. Additionally, the paper discusses the ethical implications of microtransactions, particularly in terms of player manipulation, gambling-like mechanics, and the impact on younger audiences.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/5816347029" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Tokenomics Balancing in Decentralized Virtual Economies: A Machine Learning Approach" title="Tokenomics Balancing in Decentralized Virtual Economies: A Machine Learning Approach" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>David Hernandez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/3268091745">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Experimental Platforms for Behavioral Science Research" title="Mobile Games as Experimental Platforms for Behavioral Science Research" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3268091745.mit-edu.top/post/3268091745/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/3268091745">Mobile Games as Experimental Platforms for Behavioral Science Research</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/3268091745" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Experimental Platforms for Behavioral Science Research" title="Mobile Games as Experimental Platforms for Behavioral Science Research" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Donna Perez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/0962357481">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Exploring the Political Narratives Embedded in Strategy Mobile Games" title="Exploring the Political Narratives Embedded in Strategy Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0962357481.mit-edu.top/post/0962357481/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/0962357481">Exploring the Political Narratives Embedded in Strategy Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. This global network of gamers not only celebrates shared interests and passions but also fosters a sense of unity and belonging in a world that can often feel fragmented. From online forums and social media groups to live gaming events and conventions, the camaraderie and mutual respect among gamers continue to strengthen the bonds that unite this dynamic community.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-773728920745.mit-edu.top/post/0962357481" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Exploring the Political Narratives Embedded in Strategy Mobile Games" title="Exploring the Political Narratives Embedded in Strategy Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Joyce Stevens</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda