It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #250544262131 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #250544262131 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T19:44:00Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Anthony Edwards" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #250544262131 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Anthony Edwards",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T19:44:00Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/250544262131"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "250544262131",
  52.            "abstract": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #250544262131 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Anthony Edwards",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T19:44:00Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Anthony Edwards</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Anthony Edwards for contributing the article "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  100. <p>Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  101. <p>This paper examines the application of behavioral economics and game theory in understanding consumer behavior within the mobile gaming ecosystem. It explores how concepts such as loss aversion, anchoring bias, and the endowment effect are leveraged by mobile game developers to influence players' in-game spending, decision-making, and engagement. The study also introduces game-theoretic models to analyze the strategic interactions between developers, players, and other stakeholders, such as advertisers and third-party service providers, proposing new models for optimizing user acquisition and retention strategies in the competitive mobile game market.</p>
  102. <p>The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  103. <p>From the nostalgic allure of retro classics to the cutting-edge simulations of modern gaming, the evolution of this immersive medium mirrors humanity's insatiable thirst for innovation, escapism, and boundless exploration. The rich tapestry of gaming history is woven with iconic titles that have left an indelible mark on pop culture and inspired generations of players. As technology advances and artistic vision continues to push the boundaries of what's possible, the gaming landscape evolves, offering new experiences, genres, and innovations that captivate and enthrall players worldwide.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://521806168701-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://406264805378-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://429300162243-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://959830970607-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://088516469409-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://415740046920-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://918078886748-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://385225277842-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://946548640447-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://236800748271-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://898583778433-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://397332165755-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://720657837795-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://073917247081-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://207772355321-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://004874381782-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://507206326104-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://440973083561-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://900088339150-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://893503957045-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?354711911920&amp;url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?853779859109&amp;url=https://naver853779859109-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?405209845317&amp;url=https://naver405209845317-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?418600696073&amp;url=https://naver418600696073-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?959860811342&amp;url=https://naver959860811342-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?326958609460&amp;url=https://naver326958609460-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?439137432428&amp;url=https://naver439137432428-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?510654887582&amp;url=https://naver510654887582-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?343290243257&amp;url=https://naver343290243257-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?900143094069&amp;url=https://naver900143094069-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?548296531850&amp;url=https://naver548296531850-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?885200990015&amp;url=https://naver885200990015-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?425831886606&amp;url=https://naver425831886606-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-359444533053.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-053155607180.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-369930566410.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-963269574990.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-460289316209.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-266907993320.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-388777823952.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-883414440031.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-731163201079.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-861256435786.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-130234317434.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-754952838053.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-797276999012.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-454207672177.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-461267646364.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-054966101631.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-309516353589-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-243980386782-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-303566606668-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/4639518702" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/5206489137">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" title="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5206489137.mit-edu.top/post/5206489137/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/5206489137">Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/5206489137" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" title="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/7409125638">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Mobile Game Subscription Models: Adoption Patterns and Market Penetration Strategies" title="Mobile Game Subscription Models: Adoption Patterns and Market Penetration Strategies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7409125638.mit-edu.top/post/7409125638/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/7409125638">Mobile Game Subscription Models: Adoption Patterns and Market Penetration Strategies</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/7409125638" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Mobile Game Subscription Models: Adoption Patterns and Market Penetration Strategies" title="Mobile Game Subscription Models: Adoption Patterns and Market Penetration Strategies" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Kenneth Nelson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/8567243019">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="The Paradox of Scarcity: Balancing Supply and Demand in Virtual Goods Markets" title="The Paradox of Scarcity: Balancing Supply and Demand in Virtual Goods Markets" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8567243019.mit-edu.top/post/8567243019/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/8567243019">The Paradox of Scarcity: Balancing Supply and Demand in Virtual Goods Markets</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the integration of mixed reality (MR) technologies, combining elements of both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), into mobile games. The study explores how MR can enhance player immersion by providing interactive, context-aware experiences that blend the virtual and physical worlds. Drawing on immersive media theories and user experience research, the paper investigates how MR technologies can create more engaging and dynamic gameplay experiences, including new forms of storytelling, exploration, and social interaction. The research also addresses the technical challenges of implementing MR in mobile games, such as hardware constraints, spatial mapping, and real-time rendering, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to leverage MR in mobile game design.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-799284918324.mit-edu.top/post/8567243019" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Paradox of Scarcity: Balancing Supply and Demand in Virtual Goods Markets" title="The Paradox of Scarcity: Balancing Supply and Demand in Virtual Goods Markets" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>James Williams</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda