It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games #140665331857 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games #140665331857 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T11:59:44Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jason Morris" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games #140665331857 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jason Morris",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T11:59:44Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/140665331857"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "140665331857",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games #140665331857 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jason Morris",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T11:59:44Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games" title="The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jason Morris</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jason Morris for contributing the article "The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games" title="The Role of Augmented Reality in Hybrid Physical-Digital Board Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  100. <p>This paper examines the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies into mobile games and its implications for cognitive processes and social interaction. The research explores how AR gaming enhances spatial awareness, attention, and multitasking abilities by immersing players in real-world environments through digital overlays. Drawing from cognitive psychology and sociocultural theories, the study also investigates how AR mobile games create new forms of social interaction, such as collaborative play, location-based competitions, and shared virtual experiences. The paper discusses the transformative potential of AR for the mobile gaming industry and the ways in which it alters players' perceptions of space and social behavior.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming communities thrive in digital spaces, bustling forums, social media hubs, and streaming platforms where players converge to share strategies, discuss game lore, showcase fan art, and forge connections with fellow enthusiasts. These vibrant communities serve as hubs of creativity, camaraderie, and collective celebration of all things gaming-related.</p>
  102. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://652344367111-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://863100303602-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://684689554889-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://226037124435-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://465835194562-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://418906929533-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://245788235718-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://337783035835-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://528471705274-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://107789512391-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://794287849787-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://967595905683-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://535864944463-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://157125912661-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://162730084571-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://065402727440-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://032299415688-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://797144241891-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://064718811041-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://982551330145-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?670759966347&amp;url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?129324522878&amp;url=https://naver129324522878-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?911026593669&amp;url=https://naver911026593669-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?555290012044&amp;url=https://naver555290012044-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?407784576689&amp;url=https://naver407784576689-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?238695650289&amp;url=https://naver238695650289-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?281495936604&amp;url=https://naver281495936604-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?152820754613&amp;url=https://naver152820754613-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?189108127276&amp;url=https://naver189108127276-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?879439955137&amp;url=https://naver879439955137-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?112574982903&amp;url=https://naver112574982903-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?825553140194&amp;url=https://naver825553140194-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?189693414771&amp;url=https://naver189693414771-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-270470753308.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-722731140110.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-462949167114.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-299629401775.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-990901958152.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-168880219172.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-112399888879.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-075980106095.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-016934255485.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-473360277766.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-787486098692.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-017666103530.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-557334012761.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-361230442108.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-728171137961.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-372549785808.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-842163946864-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-077874901266-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-144625510726-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/5486120739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/9042316875">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Role of Edge Computing in Enabling Cloud-Based AR Gaming" title="The Role of Edge Computing in Enabling Cloud-Based AR Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9042316875.mit-edu.top/post/9042316875/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/9042316875">The Role of Edge Computing in Enabling Cloud-Based AR Gaming</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/9042316875" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="The Role of Edge Computing in Enabling Cloud-Based AR Gaming" title="The Role of Edge Computing in Enabling Cloud-Based AR Gaming" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/0291634785">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Exploring the Role of Non-Western Myths in AAA Game Storylines" title="Exploring the Role of Non-Western Myths in AAA Game Storylines" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0291634785.mit-edu.top/post/0291634785/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/0291634785">Exploring the Role of Non-Western Myths in AAA Game Storylines</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/0291634785" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Exploring the Role of Non-Western Myths in AAA Game Storylines" title="Exploring the Role of Non-Western Myths in AAA Game Storylines" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>James Williams</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/4189320657">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Evaluating Gas Fee Optimization Techniques for High-Volume Blockchain Games" title="Evaluating Gas Fee Optimization Techniques for High-Volume Blockchain Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4189320657.mit-edu.top/post/4189320657/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/4189320657">Evaluating Gas Fee Optimization Techniques for High-Volume Blockchain Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-812957866414.mit-edu.top/post/4189320657" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Evaluating Gas Fee Optimization Techniques for High-Volume Blockchain Games" title="Evaluating Gas Fee Optimization Techniques for High-Volume Blockchain Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Dennis Torres</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda