It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #285791321215 (2025-02-06)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #285791321215 (2025-02-06)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-06T11:14:19Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Joyce Stevens" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #285791321215 (2025-02-06)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Joyce Stevens",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-06T11:14:19Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/285791321215"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "285791321215",
  52.            "abstract": "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #285791321215 (2025-02-06)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Joyce Stevens",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-06T11:14:19Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" title="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Joyce Stevens</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-06</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Joyce Stevens for contributing the article "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" title="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates the impact of mobile gaming on neuroplasticity and brain development, focusing on how playing games affects cognitive functions such as memory, attention, spatial navigation, and problem-solving. By integrating theories from neuroscience and psychology, the research explores the mechanisms through which mobile games might enhance neural connections, especially in younger players or those with cognitive impairments. The paper reviews existing evidence on brain training games and their efficacy, proposing a framework for designing mobile games that can facilitate cognitive improvement while considering potential risks, such as overstimulation or addiction, in certain populations.</p>
  100. <p>This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  102. <p>This paper applies systems thinking to the design and analysis of mobile games, focusing on how game ecosystems evolve and function within the broader network of players, developers, and platforms. The study examines the interdependence of game mechanics, player interactions, and market dynamics in the creation of digital ecosystems within mobile games. By analyzing the emergent properties of these ecosystems, such as in-game economies, social hierarchies, and community-driven content, the paper highlights the role of mobile games in shaping complex digital networks. The research proposes a systems thinking framework for understanding the dynamics of mobile game design and its long-term effects on player behavior, game longevity, and developer innovation.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the use of mobile games as tools for political activism and social movements, focusing on how game mechanics can raise awareness about social, environmental, and political issues. By analyzing games that tackle topics such as climate change, racial justice, and gender equality, the paper investigates how game designers incorporate messages of activism into gameplay, narrative structures, and player decisions. The research also examines the potential for mobile games to inspire real-world action, fostering solidarity and collective mobilization through interactive digital experiences. The study offers a critical evaluation of the ethical implications of gamifying serious social issues, particularly in relation to authenticity, message dilution, and exploitation.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://677372177380-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://890753891208-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://876937694332-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://640478567532-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://922142930623-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://393836191149-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://095849141356-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://659621060353-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://063187096571-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://585611287150-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://356382788007-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://706363512174-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://202027052791-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://960760530276-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://538845275478-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://173442648625-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://679797450234-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://851408226571-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://835697265144-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://880814390430-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?352010193762&amp;url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?589003582573&amp;url=https://naver589003582573-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?903056082383&amp;url=https://naver903056082383-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?303679927837&amp;url=https://naver303679927837-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?286434834130&amp;url=https://naver286434834130-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?848187518886&amp;url=https://naver848187518886-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?888572390044&amp;url=https://naver888572390044-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?438952946854&amp;url=https://naver438952946854-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?616495073931&amp;url=https://naver616495073931-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?170275618403&amp;url=https://naver170275618403-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?607383854594&amp;url=https://naver607383854594-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?002495512630&amp;url=https://naver002495512630-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?191042313151&amp;url=https://naver191042313151-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-436886396546.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-097360470575.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-816121375054.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-683348947784.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-721889471083.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-221827296620.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-425293676865.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-702911343426.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-145718751270.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-638324894196.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-220662277858.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-623851925767.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-257666298354.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-572257120415.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-608174890666.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-296121689805.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-528669229047-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-537593223835-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-094985447203-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/7069135482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/1438579260">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" title="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-1438579260.mit-edu.top/post/1438579260/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/1438579260">User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/1438579260" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" title="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Donna Perez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/9120835764">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" title="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9120835764.mit-edu.top/post/9120835764/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/9120835764">Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/9120835764" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" title="Differential Privacy Techniques for Protecting Player Data in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>William Rodriguez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/4608759213">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Market Trends in Mobile eSports: A Quantitative Analysis" title="Market Trends in Mobile eSports: A Quantitative Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4608759213.mit-edu.top/post/4608759213/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/4608759213">Market Trends in Mobile eSports: A Quantitative Analysis</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The symphony of gaming unfolds in a crescendo of controller clicks, keyboard clacks, and the occasional victorious shout that pierces through the virtual silence, marking triumphs and milestones in the digital realm. Every input, every action taken by players contributes to the immersive experience of gaming, creating a symphony of sights, sounds, and emotions that transport them to fantastical realms and engaging adventures. Whether exploring serene landscapes, engaging in intense combat, or unraveling compelling narratives, the interactive nature of gaming fosters a deep sense of engagement and immersion, making each gaming session a memorable journey.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-818570005007.mit-edu.top/post/4608759213" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Market Trends in Mobile eSports: A Quantitative Analysis" title="Market Trends in Mobile eSports: A Quantitative Analysis" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Paul Young</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda