It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study #527344602692 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study #527344602692 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T19:52:23Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Rebecca Cook" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study #527344602692 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Rebecca Cook",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T19:52:23Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/527344602692"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "527344602692",
  52.            "abstract": "Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study #527344602692 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Rebecca Cook",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T19:52:23Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study" title="Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Rebecca Cook</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Rebecca Cook for contributing the article "Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study" title="Mobile Games for Promoting Literacy in Low-Resource Communities: A Case Study" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. This global network of gamers not only celebrates shared interests and passions but also fosters a sense of unity and belonging in a world that can often feel fragmented. From online forums and social media groups to live gaming events and conventions, the camaraderie and mutual respect among gamers continue to strengthen the bonds that unite this dynamic community.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines the role of social influence in mobile game engagement, focusing on how peer behavior, social norms, and social comparison processes shape player motivations and in-game actions. By drawing on social psychology and network theory, the paper investigates how players' social circles, including friends, family, and online communities, influence their gaming habits, preferences, and spending behavior. The research explores how mobile games leverage social influence through features such as social media integration, leaderboards, and team-based gameplay. The study also examines the ethical implications of using social influence techniques in game design, particularly regarding manipulation, peer pressure, and the potential for social exclusion.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the integration of narrative design and gameplay mechanics in mobile games, focusing on how immersive storytelling can enhance player engagement and emotional investment. The research investigates how developers use branching narratives, character development, and world-building elements to create compelling storylines that drive player interaction and decision-making. Drawing on narrative theory and interactive storytelling principles, the paper examines how different narrative structures—such as linear, non-linear, and emergent storytelling—affect player experience in mobile games. The research also discusses the role of player agency in shaping the narrative and the challenges of balancing narrative depth with gameplay accessibility in mobile games.</p>
  103. <p>In the labyrinth of quests and adventures, gamers become digital explorers, venturing into uncharted territories and unraveling mysteries that test their wit and resolve. Whether embarking on a daring rescue mission or delving deep into ancient ruins, each quest becomes a personal journey, shaping characters and forging legends that echo through the annals of gaming history. The thrill of overcoming obstacles and the satisfaction of completing objectives fuel the relentless pursuit of new challenges and the quest for gaming excellence.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://849261782837-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://714501829196-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://966842436452-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://521814595956-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://139158745430-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://683229581673-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://122627341257-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://122665733066-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://015182595858-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://692717420696-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://260576277795-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://945421280461-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://214273909957-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://584353948490-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://529675796124-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://514510278604-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://909848801868-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://348060512063-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://080951351336-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://117303147944-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?005202500605&amp;url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?840974696326&amp;url=https://naver840974696326-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?740534935565&amp;url=https://naver740534935565-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?716886461569&amp;url=https://naver716886461569-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?938561135199&amp;url=https://naver938561135199-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?683139601289&amp;url=https://naver683139601289-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?926183076823&amp;url=https://naver926183076823-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?047556525848&amp;url=https://naver047556525848-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?708837830548&amp;url=https://naver708837830548-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?846538942798&amp;url=https://naver846538942798-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?441935706689&amp;url=https://naver441935706689-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?473427312966&amp;url=https://naver473427312966-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?860130075168&amp;url=https://naver860130075168-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-648207245597.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-338635322346.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-443960725656.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-471030774638.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-270404049445.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-528093631735.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-812386103254.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-768613265074.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-348522013342.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-962388754625.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-942549984736.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-048372679907.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-783245749094.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-992476170918.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-276167935250.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-735734134371.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-088179006612-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-306921905588-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-091439537355-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/1602378459" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/7043851296">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Virtual Economies in Mobile Games: Social and Economic Implications" title="Virtual Economies in Mobile Games: Social and Economic Implications" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7043851296.gifthub.news/post/7043851296/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/7043851296">Virtual Economies in Mobile Games: Social and Economic Implications</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/7043851296" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Virtual Economies in Mobile Games: Social and Economic Implications" title="Virtual Economies in Mobile Games: Social and Economic Implications" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Gregory Jenkins</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/3689251074">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3689251074.gifthub.news/post/3689251074/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/3689251074">Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/3689251074" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Frank James</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/3852460971">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" title="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3852460971.gifthub.news/post/3852460971/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/3852460971">The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the intersection of mobile games and the evolving landscape of media consumption, particularly in the context of journalism and news delivery. The study explores how mobile games are influencing the way users consume information, engage with news stories, and interact with media content. By analyzing game mechanics such as interactive narratives, role-playing elements, and user-driven content creation, the paper investigates how mobile games can be leveraged to deliver news in novel ways that increase engagement and foster critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of misinformation, echo chambers, and the ethical implications of gamified news delivery.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-819201652192.gifthub.news/post/3852460971" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" title="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Daniel Hall</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda