It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #887875472147 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #887875472147 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T22:02:58Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Donald Green" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #887875472147 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Donald Green",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T22:02:58Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/887875472147"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "887875472147",
  52.            "abstract": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #887875472147 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Donald Green",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T22:02:58Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Donald Green</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Donald Green for contributing the article "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>In the labyrinth of quests and adventures, gamers become digital explorers, venturing into uncharted territories and unraveling mysteries that test their wit and resolve. Whether embarking on a daring rescue mission or delving deep into ancient ruins, each quest becomes a personal journey, shaping characters and forging legends that echo through the annals of gaming history. The thrill of overcoming obstacles and the satisfaction of completing objectives fuel the relentless pursuit of new challenges and the quest for gaming excellence.</p>
  100. <p>Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  103. <p>The evolution of gaming has been a captivating journey through time, spanning from the rudimentary pixelated graphics of early arcade games to the breathtakingly immersive virtual worlds of today's cutting-edge MMORPGs. Over the decades, we've witnessed a remarkable transformation in gaming technology, with advancements in graphics, sound, storytelling, and gameplay mechanics continuously pushing the boundaries of what's possible in interactive entertainment.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://292538159190-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://917547962858-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://292355575738-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://643662754409-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://205481310555-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://003586341707-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://972423343882-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://013078679927-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://661732530772-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://107595797104-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://062964620804-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://057034344093-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://673493990186-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://659739145848-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://383882240589-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://878897553426-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://430925853132-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://456405493282-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://037389023125-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://710024360010-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?550988192920&amp;url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?933256827939&amp;url=https://naver933256827939-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?366368423512&amp;url=https://naver366368423512-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?331634727052&amp;url=https://naver331634727052-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?735428464101&amp;url=https://naver735428464101-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?943295539602&amp;url=https://naver943295539602-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?075880154607&amp;url=https://naver075880154607-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?443953058478&amp;url=https://naver443953058478-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?922892099688&amp;url=https://naver922892099688-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?693154899185&amp;url=https://naver693154899185-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?590337120300&amp;url=https://naver590337120300-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?610678447852&amp;url=https://naver610678447852-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?232151610643&amp;url=https://naver232151610643-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-465506668636.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-470256580706.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-977942288849.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-506479017143.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-791771369153.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-381276127764.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-776480759936.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-173088327544.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-157934301059.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-035028736035.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-967611036830.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-270376289791.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-665278765427.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-531214241379.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-997977133660.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-437980744866.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-280427327115-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-828284338026-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-001587106158-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/5876240913" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/6701534289">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Leveraging Haptic Feedback to Enhance Immersion in Mobile Virtual Reality Games" title="Leveraging Haptic Feedback to Enhance Immersion in Mobile Virtual Reality Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6701534289.mit-edu.top/post/6701534289/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/6701534289">Leveraging Haptic Feedback to Enhance Immersion in Mobile Virtual Reality Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study presents a multidimensional framework for understanding the diverse motivations that drive player engagement across different mobile game genres. By drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research examines how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors—such as achievement, autonomy, social interaction, and competition—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The paper explores how various game genres (e.g., casual, role-playing, and strategy games) tailor their game mechanics to cater to different motivational drivers. It also evaluates how player motivation impacts retention, in-game purchases, and long-term player loyalty, offering a deeper understanding of game design principles and their role in shaping player experiences.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/6701534289" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Leveraging Haptic Feedback to Enhance Immersion in Mobile Virtual Reality Games" title="Leveraging Haptic Feedback to Enhance Immersion in Mobile Virtual Reality Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Alexander Ward</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/2306489571">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" title="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2306489571.mit-edu.top/post/2306489571/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/2306489571">A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/2306489571" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" title="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephanie Rogers</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/1028964573">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Blockchain-Based Identity Verification in Mobile Games: A Security Analysis" title="Blockchain-Based Identity Verification in Mobile Games: A Security Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1028964573.mit-edu.top/post/1028964573/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/1028964573">Blockchain-Based Identity Verification in Mobile Games: A Security Analysis</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the evolution of user interface (UI) design in mobile games, with a focus on how innovative UI elements influence player engagement, immersion, and retention. The study investigates how changes in interface design, such as touch gestures, visual feedback, and adaptive layouts, impact the user experience and contribute to the overall success of a game. Drawing on theories of cognitive load, human-computer interaction (HCI), and usability testing, the paper examines the relationship between UI design and player satisfaction. The research also considers the cultural factors influencing UI design in mobile games and the challenges of creating intuitive interfaces that appeal to diverse player demographics.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-819952535219.mit-edu.top/post/1028964573" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Blockchain-Based Identity Verification in Mobile Games: A Security Analysis" title="Blockchain-Based Identity Verification in Mobile Games: A Security Analysis" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Patrick Russell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda