It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #299817129756 (2025-02-08)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #299817129756 (2025-02-08)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T23:44:45Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Amanda Evans" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #299817129756 (2025-02-08)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Amanda Evans",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T23:44:45Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/299817129756"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "299817129756",
  52.            "abstract": "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #299817129756 (2025-02-08)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Amanda Evans",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T23:44:45Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" title="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Amanda Evans</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-08</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Amanda Evans for contributing the article "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" title="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic content generation in mobile games, focusing on how procedural content creation (PCC) techniques enable developers to create expansive, personalized game worlds that evolve based on player actions. The study explores the algorithms and methodologies used in PCC, such as procedural terrain generation, dynamic narrative structures, and adaptive enemy behavior, and how they enhance player experience by providing infinite variability. Drawing on computer science, game design, and machine learning, the paper examines the potential of AI-driven content generation to create more engaging and replayable mobile games, while considering the challenges of maintaining balance, coherence, and quality in procedurally generated content.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the convergence of virtual reality (VR) and mobile games, investigating how VR technology is being integrated into mobile gaming experiences to create more immersive and interactive entertainment. The study examines the technical challenges and innovations involved in adapting VR for mobile platforms, including issues of motion tracking, hardware limitations, and player comfort. Drawing on theories of immersion, presence, and user experience, the paper investigates how mobile VR games enhance player engagement by providing a heightened sense of spatial awareness and interactive storytelling. The research also discusses the potential for VR to transform mobile gaming, offering predictions for the future of immersive entertainment in the mobile gaming sector.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. Beyond gaming itself, this global community often rallies around charitable causes, organizing fundraising events, and using their collective influence for social good, showcasing the positive impact of gaming on society.</p>
  102. <p>Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://489552430027-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://064288762705-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://315401059904-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://158250967485-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://262543174624-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://730630155971-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://978616243597-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://804377740813-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://828426523385-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://019368059586-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://261342635577-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://129568060097-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://802861498522-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://895343165011-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://928927618995-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://044806196730-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://047658841633-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://495285790270-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://990573677342-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://226380720258-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?838866955902&amp;url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?260094316055&amp;url=https://naver260094316055-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?038064947723&amp;url=https://naver038064947723-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?329819145155&amp;url=https://naver329819145155-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?687282895601&amp;url=https://naver687282895601-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?096869201193&amp;url=https://naver096869201193-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?108623282911&amp;url=https://naver108623282911-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?200860070667&amp;url=https://naver200860070667-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?587606017889&amp;url=https://naver587606017889-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?118300520517&amp;url=https://naver118300520517-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?614671430100&amp;url=https://naver614671430100-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?702581502342&amp;url=https://naver702581502342-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?395457118686&amp;url=https://naver395457118686-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-729749829078.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-228462702347.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-059828490465.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-357365187024.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-294528234116.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-966003548374.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-892594024477.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-300712409019.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-474201681941.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-443881621703.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-944955992322.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-581675710109.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-371541846232.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-822064313571.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-153174001265.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-440174357663.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-104452667985-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-386412056164-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-509266676022-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/8250174396" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/9381674502">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Gamifying Civic Engagement Through Mobile Game Mechanics" title="Gamifying Civic Engagement Through Mobile Game Mechanics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9381674502.mit-edu.top/post/9381674502/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/9381674502">Gamifying Civic Engagement Through Mobile Game Mechanics</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile gaming, focusing on how players contribute to game design, content creation, and community-driven innovation. By employing theories of participatory design and collaborative creation, the study examines how game developers empower users to create, modify, and share game content such as levels, skins, and in-game items. The research also evaluates the social dynamics and intellectual property challenges associated with UGC, proposing a model for balancing creative freedom with fair compensation and legal protection in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/9381674502" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Gamifying Civic Engagement Through Mobile Game Mechanics" title="Gamifying Civic Engagement Through Mobile Game Mechanics" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>David Hernandez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/0548721963">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" title="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0548721963.mit-edu.top/post/0548721963/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/0548721963">Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the environmental footprint of mobile gaming, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and resource usage. It proposes sustainable practices for game development and consumption.This study examines how mobile gaming serves as a platform for social interaction, allowing players to form and maintain relationships. It explores the dynamics of online communities and the social benefits of gaming.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/0548721963" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" title="Economic Sustainability in Player-Driven Virtual Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Joyce Stevens</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/2731958460">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Game-Driven Approaches to Teaching Algorithmic Thinking in K-12 Education" title="Game-Driven Approaches to Teaching Algorithmic Thinking in K-12 Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2731958460.mit-edu.top/post/2731958460/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/2731958460">Game-Driven Approaches to Teaching Algorithmic Thinking in K-12 Education</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-8250174396.mit-edu.top/post/2731958460" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Game-Driven Approaches to Teaching Algorithmic Thinking in K-12 Education" title="Game-Driven Approaches to Teaching Algorithmic Thinking in K-12 Education" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>John Smith</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda