It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education #394422184060 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education #394422184060 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T12:01:27Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Margaret Allen" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education #394422184060 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T12:01:27Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/394422184060"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "394422184060",
  52.            "abstract": "Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education #394422184060 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T12:01:27Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education" title="Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Margaret Allen</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Margaret Allen for contributing the article "Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education" title="Gamification of Learning: The Role of Mobile Games in Education" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the sustainability of in-game economies in mobile games, focusing on virtual currencies, trade systems, and item marketplaces. The research explores how virtual economies are structured and how players interact with them, analyzing the balance between supply and demand, currency inflation, and the regulation of in-game resources. Drawing on economic theories of market dynamics and behavioral economics, the paper investigates how in-game economic systems influence player spending, engagement, and decision-making. The study also evaluates the role of developers in maintaining a stable virtual economy and mitigating issues such as inflation, pay-to-win mechanics, and market manipulation. The research provides recommendations for developers to create more sustainable and player-friendly in-game economies.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  101. <p>This study examines the impact of cognitive load on player performance and enjoyment in mobile games, particularly those with complex gameplay mechanics. The research investigates how different levels of complexity, such as multitasking, resource management, and strategic decision-making, influence players' cognitive processes and emotional responses. Drawing on cognitive load theory and flow theory, the paper explores how game designers can optimize the balance between challenge and skill to enhance player engagement and enjoyment. The study also evaluates how players' cognitive load varies with game genre, such as puzzle games, action games, and role-playing games, providing recommendations for designing games that promote optimal cognitive engagement.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This research investigates the ethical and psychological implications of microtransaction systems in mobile games, particularly in free-to-play models. The study examines how microtransactions, which allow players to purchase in-game items, cosmetics, or advantages, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on ethical theory and psychological models of consumer decision-making, the paper explores how microtransactions contribute to the phenomenon of “pay-to-win,” exploitation of vulnerable players, and player frustration. The research also evaluates the psychological impact of loot boxes, virtual currency, and in-app purchases, offering recommendations for ethical monetization practices that prioritize player well-being without compromising developer profitability.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://446313377758-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://005075579810-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://493220575106-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://544319210727-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://375366316739-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://886307951492-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://314496134761-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://402076955685-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://381420762201-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://824390431648-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://344802431584-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://660881063493-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://547611545925-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://269427893971-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://088428783454-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://619211838781-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://460868076919-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://897143604535-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://619587734711-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://628219299013-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?374827398356&amp;url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?029501663494&amp;url=https://naver029501663494-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?414415752135&amp;url=https://naver414415752135-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?864709311361&amp;url=https://naver864709311361-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?538887339871&amp;url=https://naver538887339871-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?346669156626&amp;url=https://naver346669156626-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?567704957746&amp;url=https://naver567704957746-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?589466500166&amp;url=https://naver589466500166-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?182744400270&amp;url=https://naver182744400270-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?666430098935&amp;url=https://naver666430098935-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?595612320505&amp;url=https://naver595612320505-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?055073149883&amp;url=https://naver055073149883-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?892796255817&amp;url=https://naver892796255817-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-050010616223.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-537426816185.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-710392008019.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-170792146898.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-589198760700.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-000811838908.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-113802760670.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-556526537629.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-702602514805.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-171249294957.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-611383254424.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-776267774999.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-828214076104.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-430982450076.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-754243126057.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-554175529617.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-862960545979-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-382997743161-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-713675361658-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6798045123" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/3029618547">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" title="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3029618547.mit-edu.top/post/3029618547/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/3029618547">Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/3029618547" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" title="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Lisa Walker</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/9781645230">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Integrating Haptic Feedback to Enhance Tactile Immersion in Mobile Games" title="Integrating Haptic Feedback to Enhance Tactile Immersion in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9781645230.mit-edu.top/post/9781645230/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/9781645230">Integrating Haptic Feedback to Enhance Tactile Immersion in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/9781645230" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Integrating Haptic Feedback to Enhance Tactile Immersion in Mobile Games" title="Integrating Haptic Feedback to Enhance Tactile Immersion in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>George Baker</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6235410978">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Game Economy Stabilization Through Decentralized Market Mechanisms" title="Game Economy Stabilization Through Decentralized Market Mechanisms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6235410978.mit-edu.top/post/6235410978/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6235410978">Game Economy Stabilization Through Decentralized Market Mechanisms</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-839236569287.mit-edu.top/post/6235410978" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Game Economy Stabilization Through Decentralized Market Mechanisms" title="Game Economy Stabilization Through Decentralized Market Mechanisms" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Justin Brooks</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda