It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics #785207595986 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics #785207595986 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T12:37:57Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Shirley Ramirez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics #785207595986 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T12:37:57Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/785207595986"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "785207595986",
  52.            "abstract": "Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics #785207595986 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T12:37:57Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics" title="Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Shirley Ramirez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Shirley Ramirez for contributing the article "Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics" title="Game Economies on the Blockchain: Balancing Ownership and Market Dynamics" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the role of big data and analytics in shaping mobile game development, particularly in optimizing player experience, game mechanics, and monetization strategies. The study examines how game developers collect and analyze data from players, including gameplay behavior, in-app purchases, and social interactions, to make data-driven decisions that improve game design and player engagement. Drawing on data science and game analytics, the paper investigates the ethical considerations of data collection, privacy issues, and the use of player data in decision-making. The research also discusses the potential risks of over-reliance on data-driven design, such as homogenization of game experiences and neglect of creative innovation.</p>
  101. <p>The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  102. <p>Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  103. <p>This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://985038267519-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://906558587479-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://640576165779-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://596357348903-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://852600564512-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://229796655281-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://025815291461-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://417978201180-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://856485587169-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://689835987784-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://604712808446-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://004810789663-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://161849300881-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://162916527908-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://076033359534-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://574552779061-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://613413220824-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://269123580036-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://313210482723-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://046139555478-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?736830471803&amp;url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?841114529132&amp;url=https://naver841114529132-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?088625509182&amp;url=https://naver088625509182-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?130320714925&amp;url=https://naver130320714925-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?377280599462&amp;url=https://naver377280599462-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?012921145287&amp;url=https://naver012921145287-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?269651198927&amp;url=https://naver269651198927-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?076923224516&amp;url=https://naver076923224516-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?731250076931&amp;url=https://naver731250076931-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?150952750452&amp;url=https://naver150952750452-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?774125899924&amp;url=https://naver774125899924-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?031634840935&amp;url=https://naver031634840935-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?111256524037&amp;url=https://naver111256524037-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-627529923086.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-570664185200.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-963366129881.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-873182749806.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-224755841188.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-891779856275.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-549429041527.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-001219099166.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-152779324276.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-281434144266.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-276183808176.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-009537256399.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-804330957576.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-966874485438.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-154793774207.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-303061757435.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-983437342822-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-109620361768-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-843697186539-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/9705263841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/5036742198">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Player Motivations in Mobile Games: A Cross-Cultural Study" title="Player Motivations in Mobile Games: A Cross-Cultural Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5036742198.mit-edu.top/post/5036742198/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/5036742198">Player Motivations in Mobile Games: A Cross-Cultural Study</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/5036742198" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Player Motivations in Mobile Games: A Cross-Cultural Study" title="Player Motivations in Mobile Games: A Cross-Cultural Study" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Joyce Stevens</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/6238945017">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" title="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6238945017.mit-edu.top/post/6238945017/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/6238945017">Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/6238945017" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" title="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Alice Coleman</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/7981624530">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Dynamic Adaptation of Game Assets Using Edge Computing Technologies" title="Dynamic Adaptation of Game Assets Using Edge Computing Technologies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7981624530.mit-edu.top/post/7981624530/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/7981624530">Dynamic Adaptation of Game Assets Using Edge Computing Technologies</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the role of multiplayer mobile games in facilitating socialization, community building, and the formation of online social networks. The study investigates how multiplayer features such as cooperative gameplay, competitive modes, and guilds foster interaction among players and create virtual communities. Drawing on social network theory and community dynamics, the research explores the impact of multiplayer mobile games on players' social behavior, including collaboration, communication, and identity formation. The paper also evaluates the potential negative effects of online gaming communities, such as toxicity, exclusion, and cyberbullying, and offers strategies for developers to promote positive social interaction and inclusive communities in multiplayer games.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-8539712406.mit-edu.top/post/7981624530" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Dynamic Adaptation of Game Assets Using Edge Computing Technologies" title="Dynamic Adaptation of Game Assets Using Edge Computing Technologies" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Daniel Hall</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda