It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #720283886614 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #720283886614 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T23:56:39Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Donna Perez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #720283886614 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T23:56:39Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/720283886614"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "720283886614",
  52.            "abstract": "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation #720283886614 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T23:56:39Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" title="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Donna Perez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Donna Perez for contributing the article "The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" title="The Long-Term Effects of Achievement Systems on Player Motivation" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  100. <p>Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  101. <p>This paper presents an ethnographic study of online multiplayer mobile gaming communities, exploring how players interact, collaborate, and form social bonds through gameplay. The research draws on theories of social capital, community building, and identity formation to analyze the dynamics of virtual relationships in mobile gaming. The study examines how mobile games facilitate socialization across geographical and cultural boundaries, while also addressing challenges such as online toxicity, harassment, and the commodification of social interaction. The paper offers a sociological perspective on the role of mobile games in shaping contemporary online communities and social practices.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the intersection of mobile games and behavioral economics, exploring how game mechanics can be used to influence economic decision-making and consumer behavior. Drawing on insights from psychology, game theory, and economics, the study analyzes how mobile games employ reward systems, uncertainty, risk-taking, and resource management to simulate real-world economic decisions. The research explores the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for teaching economic principles, as well as their role in shaping financial behavior in the digital economy. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations of using gamified elements in influencing players’ financial choices.</p>
  103. <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://898671929465-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://632698902376-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://872417796564-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://757694267527-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://327664242484-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://254910495155-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://681334077743-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://277426941333-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://382998466690-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://107882209051-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://645879117407-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://253913923712-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://032938002680-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://601451277678-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://971352556849-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://650928999034-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://262929827962-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://227802878871-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://760774200402-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://495191413204-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?592479556634&amp;url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?054195344963&amp;url=https://naver054195344963-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?004435884122&amp;url=https://naver004435884122-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?177740146556&amp;url=https://naver177740146556-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?190586897330&amp;url=https://naver190586897330-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?829231449223&amp;url=https://naver829231449223-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?338994503652&amp;url=https://naver338994503652-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?341074167091&amp;url=https://naver341074167091-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?235168591381&amp;url=https://naver235168591381-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?741107332540&amp;url=https://naver741107332540-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?956765889405&amp;url=https://naver956765889405-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?265494578799&amp;url=https://naver265494578799-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?532787782459&amp;url=https://naver532787782459-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-947988504054.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-402371224503.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-271527421219.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-060575926153.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-386836164217.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-069191098145.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-747353781365.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-081513210229.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-339143718443.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-722859367528.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-850872805720.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-192947219504.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-541293188276.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-457039049333.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-065926470500.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-919747383096.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-090924331923-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-560620712696-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-335744344447-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8279406135" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/9568123407">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Emotion Recognition Through Biometric Sensors in Mobile Gaming" title="Emotion Recognition Through Biometric Sensors in Mobile Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9568123407.mit-edu.top/post/9568123407/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/9568123407">Emotion Recognition Through Biometric Sensors in Mobile Gaming</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/9568123407" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Emotion Recognition Through Biometric Sensors in Mobile Gaming" title="Emotion Recognition Through Biometric Sensors in Mobile Gaming" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Frances Long</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/4062389157">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="A Predictive Model for Player Lifetime Value in Freemium Games" title="A Predictive Model for Player Lifetime Value in Freemium Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4062389157.mit-edu.top/post/4062389157/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/4062389157">A Predictive Model for Player Lifetime Value in Freemium Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/4062389157" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="A Predictive Model for Player Lifetime Value in Freemium Games" title="A Predictive Model for Player Lifetime Value in Freemium Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Doris Patterson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8132465970">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" title="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8132465970.mit-edu.top/post/8132465970/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8132465970">Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the evolution of digital narratives in mobile gaming from a posthumanist perspective, focusing on the shifting relationships between players, avatars, and game worlds. The research critically examines how mobile games engage with themes of agency, identity, and technological mediation, drawing on posthumanist theories of embodiment and subjectivity. The study analyzes how mobile games challenge traditional notions of narrative authorship, exploring the implications of emergent storytelling, procedural narrative generation, and player-driven plot progression. The paper offers a philosophical reflection on the ways in which mobile games are reshaping the boundaries of narrative and human agency in digital spaces.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-868788894197.mit-edu.top/post/8132465970" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" title="Serious Games as Tools for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Patrick Russell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda