It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #717836821557 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #717836821557 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T14:58:03Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Victoria Simmons" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #717836821557 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Victoria Simmons",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T14:58:03Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/717836821557"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "717836821557",
  52.            "abstract": "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies #717836821557 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Victoria Simmons",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T14:58:03Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" title="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Victoria Simmons</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Victoria Simmons for contributing the article "Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" title="Microeconomic Simulations of Player Choices in Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  100. <p>This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines the ethical implications of loot boxes in mobile games, with a particular focus on their psychological impact and potential to foster gambling behavior. It provides a legal analysis of how various jurisdictions have approached the regulation of loot boxes and explores the implications of their inclusion in games targeted at minors. The paper discusses potential reforms and alternatives to loot boxes in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  102. <p>Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  103. <p>This paper provides a comparative legal analysis of intellectual property (IP) rights as they pertain to mobile game development, focusing on the protection of game code, design elements, and in-game assets across different jurisdictions. The study examines the legal challenges that developers face when navigating copyright, trademark, and patent law in the global mobile gaming market. By comparing IP regulations in the United States, the European Union, and Asia, the paper identifies key legal barriers and proposes policy recommendations to foster innovation while protecting the intellectual property of creators. The study also considers emerging issues such as the ownership of user-generated content and the legal status of in-game assets like NFTs.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://096236471373-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://144056910662-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://030045154777-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://415543967362-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://054011225320-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://845222064628-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://915651956458-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://680123207730-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://046408390865-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://961617475598-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://819682697338-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://278255751923-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://660229000979-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://248082809625-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://200492759771-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://782870705503-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://893766286326-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://692670758036-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://106667056322-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://050783352610-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?695508119876&amp;url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?581214429598&amp;url=https://naver581214429598-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?834196155705&amp;url=https://naver834196155705-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?627615263495&amp;url=https://naver627615263495-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?947996789298&amp;url=https://naver947996789298-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?814395957618&amp;url=https://naver814395957618-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?145595089779&amp;url=https://naver145595089779-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?357377259698&amp;url=https://naver357377259698-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?194965889438&amp;url=https://naver194965889438-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?937804840677&amp;url=https://naver937804840677-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?493463282689&amp;url=https://naver493463282689-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?267210104894&amp;url=https://naver267210104894-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?379347186423&amp;url=https://naver379347186423-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-752020957778.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-889278706740.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-459102477680.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-785462241178.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-059724769779.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-917786754201.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-435653558420.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-906883875644.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-210740883458.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-704557548236.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-613288600674.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-763008978433.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-198921583901.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-871849316627.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-524368777679.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-728029206491.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-422095747283-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-161928901714-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-634374527836-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/9634852701" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/3985267410">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Impact of Mobile Games on Mental Health: Benefits and Risks in a Digital Age" title="The Impact of Mobile Games on Mental Health: Benefits and Risks in a Digital Age" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3985267410.mit-edu.top/post/3985267410/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/3985267410">The Impact of Mobile Games on Mental Health: Benefits and Risks in a Digital Age</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile games, focusing on how player-created game elements, such as levels, skins, and mods, contribute to game longevity and community engagement. The research examines how allowing players to create and share content within a game environment enhances player investment, creativity, and social interaction. Drawing on community-building theories and participatory culture, the paper investigates the challenges and benefits of incorporating UGC features into mobile games, including the technical, social, and legal considerations. The study also evaluates the potential for UGC to drive game evolution and extend the lifespan of mobile games by continually introducing fresh content.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/3985267410" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="The Impact of Mobile Games on Mental Health: Benefits and Risks in a Digital Age" title="The Impact of Mobile Games on Mental Health: Benefits and Risks in a Digital Age" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jonathan Torres</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/5287610493">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" title="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5287610493.mit-edu.top/post/5287610493/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/5287610493">Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/5287610493" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" title="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Evelyn Griffin</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/3280976154">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" title="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3280976154.mit-edu.top/post/3280976154/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/3280976154">Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the cognitive benefits of mobile games, focusing on how different types of games can enhance players’ problem-solving abilities, decision-making skills, and critical thinking. The study draws on cognitive psychology, educational theory, and game-based learning research to examine how game mechanics, such as puzzles, strategy, and role-playing, promote higher-order thinking. The paper evaluates the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for educational development and cognitive training, particularly for children, students, and individuals with cognitive impairments. It also considers the limitations of mobile games in fostering cognitive development and the need for a balanced approach to game design.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-886123408876.mit-edu.top/post/3280976154" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" title="Integrating AI, AR, and IoT for Personalized Gaming Experiences in Smart Homes" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Brenda Watson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda