It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization #303472174953 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization #303472174953 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T23:56:28Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Daniel Hall" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization #303472174953 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Daniel Hall",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T23:56:28Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/303472174953"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "303472174953",
  52.            "abstract": "The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization #303472174953 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Daniel Hall",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T23:56:28Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" title="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Daniel Hall</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Daniel Hall for contributing the article "The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" title="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms in predicting player behavior and personalizing mobile game experiences. The research investigates how AI techniques such as collaborative filtering, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics can be used to adapt game difficulty, narrative progression, and in-game rewards based on individual player preferences and past behavior. By drawing on concepts from behavioral science and AI, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI-powered personalization in enhancing player engagement, retention, and monetization. The paper also considers the ethical challenges of AI-driven personalization, including the potential for manipulation and algorithmic bias.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  103. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://337990404233-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://628896066533-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://798717550340-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://380803166055-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://661215685567-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://222356385466-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://783489945177-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://746292924259-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://998435114452-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://357965649269-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://461987977721-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://332788013800-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://374391247436-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://224906140428-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://230510657087-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://111955687088-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://693635558510-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://575383105201-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://869567436700-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://355107265703-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?114644720787&amp;url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?420000135655&amp;url=https://naver420000135655-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?472952363737&amp;url=https://naver472952363737-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?119288921931&amp;url=https://naver119288921931-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?045611269455&amp;url=https://naver045611269455-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?682966777796&amp;url=https://naver682966777796-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?599692897459&amp;url=https://naver599692897459-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?675611180376&amp;url=https://naver675611180376-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?954724383242&amp;url=https://naver954724383242-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?532387245817&amp;url=https://naver532387245817-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?925963568940&amp;url=https://naver925963568940-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?378703967195&amp;url=https://naver378703967195-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?920501294791&amp;url=https://naver920501294791-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-147942089960.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-356075677627.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-847226331136.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-334330366064.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-522395170902.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-546759393826.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-962669122352.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-979960224899.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-829111808174.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-087322520516.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-538928901822.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-003821329052.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-214366919811.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-602894095477.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-500506737263.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-865856926105.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-615152913064-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-648365752237-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-820540012537-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/1958704326" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/2680579413">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Gamifying Personal Health Monitoring Through Wearable Sensors" title="Gamifying Personal Health Monitoring Through Wearable Sensors" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2680579413.mit-edu.top/post/2680579413/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/2680579413">Gamifying Personal Health Monitoring Through Wearable Sensors</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual realms are not just spaces for gaming but also avenues for self-expression and creativity, where players can customize their avatars, design unique outfits, and build virtual homes or kingdoms. The sense of agency and control over one's digital identity adds another layer of fascination to the gaming experience, blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/2680579413" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Gamifying Personal Health Monitoring Through Wearable Sensors" title="Gamifying Personal Health Monitoring Through Wearable Sensors" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jason Morris</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/5071293468">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="The Social Dynamics of Mobile Multiplayer Games: A Network Analysis Approach" title="The Social Dynamics of Mobile Multiplayer Games: A Network Analysis Approach" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5071293468.mit-edu.top/post/5071293468/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/5071293468">The Social Dynamics of Mobile Multiplayer Games: A Network Analysis Approach</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/5071293468" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Social Dynamics of Mobile Multiplayer Games: A Network Analysis Approach" title="The Social Dynamics of Mobile Multiplayer Games: A Network Analysis Approach" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Ryan Morgan</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/2154309867">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2154309867.mit-edu.top/post/2154309867/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/2154309867">Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-894061672033.mit-edu.top/post/2154309867" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="Cross-Device Synchronization in AR-Based Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Melissa Collins</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda