It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design #231102700813 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design #231102700813 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T12:55:49Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ashley Adams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design #231102700813 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ashley Adams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T12:55:49Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/231102700813"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "231102700813",
  52.            "abstract": "NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design #231102700813 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ashley Adams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T12:55:49Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design" title="NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ashley Adams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ashley Adams for contributing the article "NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design" title="NFT-Based Content Ownership and Its Implications for Game Design" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  100. <p>Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  101. <p>This paper examines the potential of augmented reality (AR) in educational mobile games, focusing on how AR can be used to create interactive learning experiences that enhance knowledge retention and student engagement. The research investigates how AR technology can overlay digital content onto the physical world to provide immersive learning environments that foster experiential learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Drawing on educational psychology and AR development, the paper explores the advantages and challenges of incorporating AR into mobile games for educational purposes. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of AR-based learning tools compared to traditional educational methods and provides recommendations for integrating AR into mobile games to promote deeper learning outcomes.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the evolution of virtual economies within mobile games, focusing on the integration of digital currency and blockchain technology. It analyzes how virtual economies are structured in mobile games, including the use of in-game currencies, tradeable assets, and microtransactions. The paper also investigates the potential of blockchain technology to provide decentralized, secure, and transparent virtual economies, examining its impact on player ownership, digital asset exchange, and the creation of new revenue models for developers and players alike.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://384542129330-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://200102916764-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://778638277621-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://933977908019-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://211988465229-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://056729923311-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://101902933022-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://869492397079-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://961393413514-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://808210407446-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://686393390520-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://971322703524-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://674419078717-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://057119106239-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://519872239771-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://689450266977-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://988611562550-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://773751819865-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://992599388150-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://317662640015-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?107184773933&amp;url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?961787828595&amp;url=https://naver961787828595-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?759861371190&amp;url=https://naver759861371190-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?578961258436&amp;url=https://naver578961258436-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?119978544430&amp;url=https://naver119978544430-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?568777834621&amp;url=https://naver568777834621-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?756590201108&amp;url=https://naver756590201108-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?953306463231&amp;url=https://naver953306463231-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?915477552202&amp;url=https://naver915477552202-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?222443349789&amp;url=https://naver222443349789-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?426749941499&amp;url=https://naver426749941499-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?254575708052&amp;url=https://naver254575708052-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?397365317982&amp;url=https://naver397365317982-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-987026951409.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-970776015742.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-273062350063.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-668808706873.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-484058276583.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-718815182072.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-943531879284.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-102760142024.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-542749034397.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-575403924100.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-214417862147.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-051580337988.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-370790811363.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-050364079138.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-162961798878.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-850086492439.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-937840767953-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-122909895804-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-543787770465-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/6279503841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/0156892437">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Federated Learning Models for Collaborative AI Training in Multiplayer Games" title="Federated Learning Models for Collaborative AI Training in Multiplayer Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0156892437.mit-edu.top/post/0156892437/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/0156892437">Federated Learning Models for Collaborative AI Training in Multiplayer Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/0156892437" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Federated Learning Models for Collaborative AI Training in Multiplayer Games" title="Federated Learning Models for Collaborative AI Training in Multiplayer Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Rebecca Cook</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/3812069754">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Revenue Optimization Models for Hyper-Casual Mobile Games Using Dynamic Pricing Algorithms" title="Revenue Optimization Models for Hyper-Casual Mobile Games Using Dynamic Pricing Algorithms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3812069754.mit-edu.top/post/3812069754/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/3812069754">Revenue Optimization Models for Hyper-Casual Mobile Games Using Dynamic Pricing Algorithms</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/3812069754" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Revenue Optimization Models for Hyper-Casual Mobile Games Using Dynamic Pricing Algorithms" title="Revenue Optimization Models for Hyper-Casual Mobile Games Using Dynamic Pricing Algorithms" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Christopher Robinson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/5196234807">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Spatiotemporal Challenges in AR Game Design: A Computational Perspective" title="Spatiotemporal Challenges in AR Game Design: A Computational Perspective" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5196234807.mit-edu.top/post/5196234807/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/5196234807">Spatiotemporal Challenges in AR Game Design: A Computational Perspective</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the role of cultural adaptation in the success of mobile games across different global markets. The study investigates how developers tailor game content, mechanics, and marketing strategies to fit the cultural preferences, values, and expectations of diverse player demographics. Drawing on cross-cultural communication theory and international business strategies, the paper explores how cultural factors such as narrative themes, visual aesthetics, and gameplay styles influence the reception of mobile games in various regions. The research also evaluates the challenges of balancing universal appeal with localized content, and the ethical responsibility of developers to respect cultural norms and avoid misrepresentation or stereotyping.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-897270660354.mit-edu.top/post/5196234807" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Spatiotemporal Challenges in AR Game Design: A Computational Perspective" title="Spatiotemporal Challenges in AR Game Design: A Computational Perspective" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Melissa Collins</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda