It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention #710157619376 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention #710157619376 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T06:43:32Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Christopher Robinson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention #710157619376 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Christopher Robinson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T06:43:32Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/710157619376"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "710157619376",
  52.            "abstract": "Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention #710157619376 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Christopher Robinson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T06:43:32Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" title="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Christopher Robinson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Christopher Robinson for contributing the article "Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" title="Longitudinal Effects of In-Game Social Bonds on Player Retention" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  100. <p>This paper examines the intersection of mobile games and behavioral economics, exploring how game mechanics can be used to influence economic decision-making and consumer behavior. Drawing on insights from psychology, game theory, and economics, the study analyzes how mobile games employ reward systems, uncertainty, risk-taking, and resource management to simulate real-world economic decisions. The research explores the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for teaching economic principles, as well as their role in shaping financial behavior in the digital economy. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations of using gamified elements in influencing players’ financial choices.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  102. <p>This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://349656809670-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://763272677898-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://882368703768-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://349216283501-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://879559437674-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://444710544566-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://194544632697-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://531398742114-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://178625244709-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://272431184324-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://198400828790-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://215785603956-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://075507026877-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://960739861330-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://900296993454-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://256944640613-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://590734724853-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://453799124819-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://273345704778-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://141526961241-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?163655682017&amp;url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?587065870932&amp;url=https://naver587065870932-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?529754970246&amp;url=https://naver529754970246-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?704015864560&amp;url=https://naver704015864560-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?147131494360&amp;url=https://naver147131494360-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?767882463974&amp;url=https://naver767882463974-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?450817931745&amp;url=https://naver450817931745-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?884221207086&amp;url=https://naver884221207086-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?233620076168&amp;url=https://naver233620076168-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?851925414946&amp;url=https://naver851925414946-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?176875509871&amp;url=https://naver176875509871-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?979585361464&amp;url=https://naver979585361464-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?006400017705&amp;url=https://naver006400017705-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-256143331299.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-825072582123.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-134915440154.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-497526519117.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-366679992484.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-938944493256.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-907929656314.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-213551955759.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-299514205097.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-962594025371.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-566041061923.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-343843540890.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-292830086691.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-897089324718.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-173153282576.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-575245334033.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-076447364680-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-908255913437-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-960474871426-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/6854207139" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/7095218643">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="The Role of AI in Democratizing Game Development for Mobile Platforms" title="The Role of AI in Democratizing Game Development for Mobile Platforms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7095218643.mit-edu.top/post/7095218643/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/7095218643">The Role of AI in Democratizing Game Development for Mobile Platforms</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study applies neuromarketing techniques to analyze how mobile gaming companies assess and influence player preferences, focusing on cognitive and emotional responses to in-game stimuli. By using neuroimaging, eye-tracking, and biometric sensors, the research provides insights into how game mechanics such as reward systems, narrative engagement, and visual design elements affect players’ neurological responses. The paper explores the implications of these findings for mobile game developers, with a particular emphasis on optimizing player engagement, retention, and monetization strategies through the application of neuroscientific principles.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/7095218643" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="The Role of AI in Democratizing Game Development for Mobile Platforms" title="The Role of AI in Democratizing Game Development for Mobile Platforms" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Karen Harris</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/5902367418">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" title="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5902367418.mit-edu.top/post/5902367418/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/5902367418">Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/5902367418" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" title="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Rebecca Cook</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/8071534926">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Interactive Narrative Generation Using Knowledge Graphs in Mobile Games" title="Interactive Narrative Generation Using Knowledge Graphs in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8071534926.mit-edu.top/post/8071534926/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/8071534926">Interactive Narrative Generation Using Knowledge Graphs in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research delves into the phenomenon of digital addiction within the context of mobile gaming, focusing on the psychological mechanisms that contribute to excessive play. The study draws on addiction psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral science to explore how mobile games utilize reward systems, variable reinforcement schedules, and immersive experiences to keep players engaged. The paper examines the societal impacts of mobile gaming addiction, including its effects on productivity, relationships, and mental health. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations for mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, such as implementing healthier game design practices and promoting responsible gaming habits.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-905954615374.mit-edu.top/post/8071534926" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Interactive Narrative Generation Using Knowledge Graphs in Mobile Games" title="Interactive Narrative Generation Using Knowledge Graphs in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Cynthia Bailey</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda